Table 1.
Selected phytochemicals with antiviral activities present COA®-FS herbal medicineand its component plants.
| Compounds Name | Plant name | Extracts | Plant parts | Literature Reference | COA-FS herbal medicine |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC-MS | Extracts | Reference | |||||
| EGA | Spondias mombin, Carica papaya | Hydroethanolic, | Leaf | (Shin et al., 2005) Nwabuife, 2019 | + | Ethanolic, Hexane, | Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019 |
| CHD | Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina, Carica papaya | Methanolic, hexane, ethanol, ethylacetate, Dichloromethane | Leaf | (Dineshkumar and Rajakumar, 2017) Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019 | + | Ethanol, hexane | Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019 |
| LNT | Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina | Chloroform, Dichloromethane | Leaf | (Siddiqui et al., 2006) Boadu, 2019 | + | Dichloromethane | Boadu, 2019 |
| BIT | Carica papaya | Hydrothanolic | Seed, leaf | (Kermanshai et al., 2001) | + | Ethanolic | Boadu, 2019 |
| GA (methyl salicylate) | Persea Americana | Methanolic | Pulp, Leaf | (Hurtado-Fernández et al., 2014) | + | Standard | Boadu, 2019 |
| IST | Vernonia amygdalina | Chloroform, Dichloromethane, ethanol, | Leaf | (Adewole et al., 2018) Boadu, 2019 | + | Dichloromethane | Boadu, 2019 |
| STG | Carica papaya, Persea Americana, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica | Petroleum ether, Hydroethanolic, hexane, Dichloromethane, ethylacetate, ethanol | Leaf | (Rashed et al., 2013; Monika and Geetha, 2015; Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019) | + | Hexane, Dichloromethane, ethylacetate | Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019 |
| PTA | Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica | Methanolic, Crude oil, hexane, Dichloromethane, ethylacetate, ethanol | Leaf | (Sajin et al., 2015; Boadu, 2019; Babatunde et al., 2019) | + | Hexane, ethylacetate | Boadu, 2019; Nwabuife, 2019 |
| NGN | Persea Americana, Carica papaya | Methanolic, Ethylacetate | Leaf | (Hurtado-Fernández et al., 2014; Nwabuife, 2019 | - | Methanolic, Ethylacetate | |
| K7G | Carica papaya | Ethanolic, aqueous | Fruit/pulp, dry leaf | (Kongkachuichai and Charoensiri, 2010; Lako, 2007) | - | ND | |
| EGCG | Persea Americana | HydroMethanolic | seed | (Calderón-Oliver et al., 2015) | - | ND | |
| LUT | Vernonia amygdalina, Carica papaya | Ethanolic, methanolic | Leaf, Fruit/pulp | (Igile et al., 1995) | - | ND | |
| GER | Spondiasmombin | Hydroalcoholic | Leaf | (Mukhtar et al., 2008) | - | ND | |
| APG | Carica papaya | Ethanolic, aqueous | Fruit/pulp | Franke et al., 2004 | - | ND | |
| FST | Carica papaya | Ethanolic, aqueous | Fruit/pulp | Lako, 2007 | - | ND | |
Key: + means present, - means not present, ND means not detected.