. 2019 Nov 1;5(10):e02708. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02708

Table 1.

Total urinary excretion rate (% of the dose) of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid at 48 h after oral administration in non-fasted rats.

	Compounds excreted in the urine at 48 h (% of the dose)								Total
	Chlorogenic acid	Chlorogenic acid conjugates	Caffeic acid	Caffeic acid conjugates	p-Coumaric acid	p-Coumaric acid conjugates	Ferulic acid	Ferulic acid conjugates	Total
Compounds orally administrated
Chlorogenic acid	0.04 ± 0.005^a	0.05 ± 0.006^a	0.73 ± 0.03^b	0.22 ± 0.02^ab	0.50 ± 0.04^ab	1.47 ± 0.15^c	N.D.	1.88 ± 0.13^c	4.9 ± 1.0
Caffeic acid	N.D.	N.D.	10.2 ± 0.82^a	33.8 ± 2.94^b	N.D.	N.D.	0.26 ± 0.03^c	17.3 ± 1.35^d	61.6 ± 2.0
p-Coumaric acid	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	17.4 ± 2.0^a	36.7 ± 4.1^b	N.D.	N.D.	54.1 ± 5.2
Ferulic acid	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	3.01 ± 0.38^a	70.2 ± 6.8^b	73.2 ± 2.1

Data are represented as the mean ± SE (n = 4). See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for the time profile.

Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

N.D., not detected.