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. 2019 Oct 17;30:250–263. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pathologic lesions in human DKD. (A) Nonnodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The black arrow indicates ECM deposition in the mesangial area. Black arrowhead indicates a thickening of tubular basement membrane (TBM). (B) Electric microscopy shows the thickness of the GBM in human diabetic kidneys compared with healthy control. (C) Nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis, thickening of TBM, ECM accumulation, and interstitium expansion in diabetic kidneys. The black star denotes Kimmelstiel-Wilson (KW) nodule. Black arrowhead denotes thickening of TBM. (D) Immunofluorescence staining of immunoglobulin G shows KW nodule (white star) in diabetic kidney. (E) Schematic diagram depicting a ‘sophisticated’ microenvironment formation in diabetic kidneys. ECM: extracellular matrix.