Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the study variables (n = 14,004).

	Total study sample	Sample stratified by: Involvement with child welfare services (ages 0–18)				Sample stratified by: Household dysfunction (ages 0–18)					Prevalence of deaths (row %)
		Majority population	Not substantiated investigation	In-home services	Placement in OHC	Alcohol problems	Divorce	Mental illness	Incarceration	Death
	n = 14,004	n = 11,100	n = 1354	n = 284	n = 1266	n = 608	n = 1514	n = 881	n = 255	n = 886	n = 1354
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Premature all-cause mortality (ages 19–65)	9.7	7.4	14.5	19.7	21.7	16.4	12.0	14.5	16.9	12.2
Gender: Female	49.0	52.9	25.8	24.6	45.6	50.5	50.4	46.5	51.4	48.9	7.4
Occupational class (age 0)
Upper (middle) class	13.9	16.0	8.1	6.0	3.6	3.6	9.6	4.5	3.9	14.3	7.6
Lower middle class	38.3	40.1	32.2	29.2	30.6	28.6	35.6	33.4	28.2	37.8	9.1
Working class	47.8	43.9	59.7	64.8	65.8	67.8	54.8	62.1	67.8	47.9	10.7
Missing informationa	n = 494	n = 377	n = 46	n = 12	n = 59	n = 25	n = 47	n = 32	n = 11	n = 34
Marital status (age 0): Unmarried	6.2	4.1	7.8	13.7	21.1	16.6	9.3	14.5	18.4	5.9	14.1
Maternal age (age 0)
<20 years	4.2	3.5	5.0	5.6	9.5	8.2	8.0	7.9	10.6	2.7	12.9
20–34 years	80.1	80.6	79.5	80.3	76.0	76.5	81.7	76.5	80.8	65.3	9.6
≥35 years	15.7	15.9	15.5	14.1	14.5	15.3	10.3	15.6	8.6	31.9	9.2
Missing informationa	n = 15	n = 10	n = 2	n = 1	n = 2	n = 0	n = 0	n = 0	n = 0	n = 0
Household dysfunction (ages 0–18)
Alcohol problems	4.3	2.4	7.7	16.9	14.8
Divorce	10.8	8.1	14.0	27.5	27.5
Mental illness	6.3	2.9	11.7	18.0	27.7
Incarceration	1.8	1.1	3.0	4.9	6.5
Death	6.3	5.5	7.8	10.6	11.1

^aNot included in the Cox regression models.