Table 3.

Characteristics of included studies.

References	Study design	N	Follow up	Minimum tinnitus duration	Mean duration of tinnitus at inclusion in months (± SD)	Intervention type	Schedule	Control type	Schedule	Outcomes
										Tinnitus Distress	Anxiety	Depression
McKenna et al. (36)	RCT	75	1, 6 M	>6 M	56 (± 104) (median, IQR)	MBCT	8 WKL × 120 min	RTd	8 WKL × 120 min	TQ	HADS-A	HADS-D
										TFI
Arif et al. (37)	RCT	86		NR	62.4 (± 58.8)a 78 (± 52.8)b	MBI	5 × 40 min in 15W	RTd	5 × 40 min in 15W	TRQ	HADS-A	HADS-D
Kreuzer et al. (38)	RCT	36		6 M	100.5 (± 119.1)a 142.3 (± 116.2)b	MBI	2 × weekend & 4 × 120 mine	Waitlist	NA	TQG	NR	BDI
										THI
McKenna et al. (36)	Cohort	205	6 W	>3 M	NR	MBCT	8 WKL	NA	NA	TQ	NR	NR
Roland et al. (39)	Cohort	13	4 W	6 M	48 (NR) (median, IQR)a, c	MBSR	8 WKL × 120 min & 1 × 180 min retreat	NA	NA	TFI	PROMIS-Anxiety	PHQ-9
										THI
Gans (33)	Cohort	10		6 M	NR	MB (T) SR	8 WKL × 150 min	NA	NA	THI VAS-distress	HADS	HADS
											SCL-90-R Anxiety	SCL-90-R Depression
Sadlier (17)	CCT*	25		NR	102 (± 82.8)a 96 (± 75.6)b	MBI	4 × 40 minf	Waitlist	NA	TQ	HADS-A	HADS-D

^*CCT, Comparative Controlled Trial.

^aIntervention group,

^bControl group,

^ca median duration of bothersome tinnitus was reported of 1.8 years (0.6–10 years range),

^dRT, Relaxation Therapy.

^eGroup sessions at 2 training weekends, separated by an interval of 7 weeks (11 h/weekend) and in 4 further 2-h sessions (week 2, 9, 18, and 22).

^fTime range not specified. For abbreviation of outcome measures see Table 4. MBCT: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MBSR, mindfulness based stress reduction, MBI, Mindfulness Based Intervention; NR, not reported; NA, not applicable.

^GGerman version, M, months; W, weeks; WKL, weekly; min, minutes.