Table 3.

Doses of sufentanil, ephedrine, and nicardipine and recovery time

	Group TAP n = 30	Group Control N = 31	P-value
Opium consumption
Intraoperative superaddition of sufentanil (μg)	4.3 ± 1.5	10.2 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Postoperative morphine consumption (mg)	46.6 ± 8.4	66.8 ± 10.9	< 0.001
Patients requiring ephedrine, n (%)	2, (6.7%)	1, (3.2%)	0.976
Time to first flatus (h)	77.6 ± 10.4	81.6 ± 10.4	0.131
PACU stay, (min)	44.2 ± 7.9	54.5 ± 8.2	< 0.001
Incidence of opium-related side effects, n(%)
Sedation	8, (26.7%)	16, (51.6%)	0.046
Nausea	5, (16.7%)	6, (19.4%)	0.785
Vomiting	0, (0%)	1, (3.2%)	0.987
Long hospitalization, n(%)	5, (16.7%)	13, (41.9%)	0.031

Data are presented as mean ± SD or number;

Criteria for out of PACU: Aldrete scores ≥9;

Long hospitalization is defined as postoperative time ≥ 7 days