Table 2. Ranking of the stability values of the 10 candidate reference genes based on five algorithms in the methoprene bioassay in the head of C. formosanus.

RefFinder		ΔCt		NormFinder		geNorm		BestKeeper
Gene	GM	Genes	SV	Gene	SV	Gene	SV	Gene	SD	Gene	[r]	P-value
RPS18	1.19	RPS18	0.66	RPS18	0.19	RPS18	0.34	GAPDH	0.56	HSP70	0.94	0.001
EF1-α	2.59	HSP70	0.71	HSP70	0.33	EF1-α	0.34	RPS18	0.57	RPS18	0.94	0.001
HSP70	3.25	EF1-α	0.71	EF1-α	0.36	RPL32	0.415	NADH	0.66	EF1-α	0.89	0.001
RPL32	4.12	RPL32	0.73	RPL32	0.40	HSP70	0.423	RPL13a	0.76	RPL32	0.89	0.001
GAPDH	4.30	RPL13a	0.74	RPL13a	0.42	RPL13a	0.48	EF1-α	0.77	Ctyb	0.86	0.001
RPL13a	4.73	NADH	0.74	NADH	0.43	NADH	0.52	RPL32	0.81	RPL13a	0.85	0.001
NADH	5.05	GAPDH	0.77	GAPDH	0.48	GAPDH	0.54	HSP70	0.87	NADH	0.82	0.001
Ctyb	8.00	Ctyb	0.89	Ctyb	0.66	Ctyb	0.59	Ctyb	0.98	GAPDH	0.78	0.001
β-actin	9.00	β-actin	1.19	β-actin	1.04	β-actin	0.71	β-actin	1.02	β-actin	0.66	0.001
18S	10.00	18S	1.47	18S	1.38	18S	0.86	18S	1.14	18S	0.60	0.001

Notes:

GM, geometric mean; SV, stability value; SD, standard deviation; [r], Pearson’s correlation coefficient.