Table 4.
Comparing Sleep Parameters Between Women Pre-Pregnancy BMI ≥ 35 Vs BMI < 35
| All Women n=267 | BMI ≥ 35 n=30/226 | BMI < 35 n=196/226 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISI | ||||
| M±SD | 11.12±6.03 | 13.50±6.11 | 10.60±6.01 | t(224)=2.46*, d=0.46 |
| Traditional cutoffs n, % | ||||
| 0–7 | 85/267; 31.8% | 8/30; 26.7% | 68/196; 34.7% | |
| 8–14 | 112/267; 41.9% | 8/30; 26.7% | 82/196; 41.8% | ISI≥8: χ2=0.75, p=0.39 |
| 15–28 | 70/267; 26.2% | 14/30; 46.7% | 46/196; 23.5% | ISI≥15: χ2=7.18**, RR=1.99 |
| Revised cutoffs n, % | ||||
| ≥10 (Epidemiological) | 156/267; 58.4% | 21/30; 70.0% | 105/196; 53.6% | χ2=2.85, p=0.09 |
| ≥11 (Clinical) | 143/267; 53.6% | 20/30; 66.7% | 96/196; 49.0% | χ2=3.26, p=0.07 |
| PSQI | ||||
| Total score M±SD | 8.27±3.71 | 10.87±4.32 | 7.94±3.63 | t(222)=4.00***, d=0.73 |
| >5 (Traditional samples) | 202/265; 76.2% | 24/30; 80.0% | 145/194; 74.7% | χ2=0.39, p=0.53 |
| >8 (Clinical samples) | 117/265; 44.2% | 21/30; 70.0% | 81/194; 41.8% | χ2=8.36**, RR=1.67 |
| Sleep latency in minutes | 32.61±25.99 | 41.83±28.45 | 30.90±24.91 | t(223)=2.20*, d=0.41 |
| Sleep duration | ||||
| Hours per night | 6.61±1.35 | 5.93±1.55 | 6.71±1.29 | t(224)=–2.99**, d=0.55 |
| % <6 hrs/night | 65/267; 24.3% | 14/30; 46.7% | 42/196; 21.4% | χ2=8.89**, RR=2.18 |
| Trouble sleep ≥ 3 days/week due to: | ||||
| Cannot fall asleep within 30 mins | 84/267; 31.5%% | 13/30; 43.3% | 58/196; 29.6% | χ2=2.28, p=0.13 |
| Nighttime or early morning waking | 186/267; 69.7% | 27/30; 90.0% | 133/196; 67.9% | χ2=6.17*, RR=1.33 |
| Needing to use the bathroom | 217/267; 81.3% | 29/30; 96.7% | 156/196; 79.6% | χ2=5.11*, RR=1.21 |
| Cannot breathe comfortably | 44/267; 16.5% | 8/30; 26.7% | 32/196; 16.3% | χ2=1.91, p=0.17 |
| Cough or snore loudly | 22/267; 8.2% | 2/30; 6.7% | 17/196; 8.7% | χ2=0.14, p=0.71 |
| Bad dreams | 40/267; 15.0% | 7/30; 23.3% | 28/196; 14.3% | χ2=1.63, p=0.20 |
| Pain | 57/267; 21.3% | 7/30; 23.3% | 41/196; 20.9% | χ2=0.09, p=0.76 |
| Sleep aid use within past month | 34/267; 12.7% | 8/30; 26.7% | 22/196; 11.2% | χ2=5.39*, RR=2.38 |
| Snoring | 81/265; 30.6% | 17/30; 56.7% | 56/195; 28.7% | χ2=9.27**, RR=1.98 |
| Stop breathing | 13/265; 4.9% | 4/30; 13.3% | 8/195; 4.1% | χ2=4.39*, RR=3.24 |
| Woken up gasping for air | 24/265; 9.1% | 2/30; 6.7% | 16/195; 8.2% | χ2=0.08, p=0.77 |
Notes: p represents statistical significance level of non-significant findings. Significant results are demarcated by * p<0.05. ** p<0.01. ***p<0.001.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (kg/m2), derived from electronic medical records; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; ISI, insomnia severity index; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index. t-statistic for comparison of independent groups; d, Cohen’s d. χ2 represents chi-square; RR, rate ratio.