Table 2.
Differences between the IR– and IR+ groups in computed Fazekas score, normalized total white matter hyperintensity volume (ml), normalized total vascular burden measure and in domain-specific neurocognitive test scores (where a higher score indicates better performance)
| IR– | IR+ | Effect size* | pa | pb | pc | |
| Cerebrovascular lesions in MRI, median (Q3–Q1) | ||||||
| Computed Fazekas score | 1.0 (0.05–1.3) | 0.5 (0–1.6) | –0.06 | 0.72 | ||
| Normalized total WMH volume (ml) | 3.7 (1.1–5.6) | 2.9 (1.5–8.4) | –0.12 | 0.88 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| Normalized total vascular burden (ml) | 2.9 (0.6–20.9) | 4.3 (0.5–21.3) | –0.19 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 0.59 |
| Domain-specific neurocognitive test z-scores, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Executive functions (n = 54) | 0.30 (0.68) | –0.26 (0.68) | –0.78 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Processing speed (n = 57) | 0.35 (0.65) | –0.32 (0.82) | –0.83 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.03 |
| Episodic memory (n = 59) | 0.12 (1.0) | –0.13 (0.77) | –0.28 | 0.28 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Language (n = 54) | 0.24 (0.77) | –0.10 (0.65) | –0.46 | 0.09 | 0.30 | 0.18 |
*The effect sizes calculated by using Cohen’s d. aThe p-values for unadjusted differences between individuals with and without insulin resistance at baseline in 2000, assessed with a Student’s t test except for the computed Fazekas which was assessed with a Wilcoxon test. bModel 1. Analyses adjusted for level of education. cModel 2. Further adjusted for hypertension and smoking in 2000.