Table 1.
MOFs for generation of single‐atom sites
| MOF | Single‐atom | Strategy | Support | Loading [wt%] | Application | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UiO‐66–NH2 | W | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 1.2 (ICP‐OES) | Electrocatalytic HER | [qv: [63e]] |
| PCN‐222 (MOF‐545) | Fe | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 1.7 (ICP‐AES) | Electrocatalytic ORR | 62 |
| ZIF‐8 | Fe | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 0.45 (XPS) | Electrocatalytic ORR | [qv: [61c]] |
| Zn/Co–BMOF | Co | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 4.3 (ICP‐OES) | Electrocatalytic ORR | [qv: [61a]] |
| Zn/Co–BMOF | Co | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 0.34 (XPS) | Electrocatalytic ORR | [qv: [61d]] |
| Zn/Co–BMOF | Co | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 1.70 (ICP‐MS) | Electrocatalytic ORR | [qv: [61e]] |
| Zn/Co–BMOF | Co | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 0.25 (ICP‐AES) | CO2 electroreduction | [qv: [61b]] |
| MOF‐525 |
Co Zn |
Intrinsic ionic coordination | MOF‐525 |
6.0 6.4 (ICP‐OES) |
CO2 photoreduction | [qv: [63b]] |
|
Al porphyrinic MOF (Al‐TCCP) |
Pt | Intrinsic ionic coordination |
Al porphyrinic MOF (Al‐TCCP) |
0.07 (ICP‐AES) | Photocatalytic H2 evolution | [qv: [63d]] |
| PCN‐222 |
Ir/Pt Ir Pt Ru Au Pd |
Intrinsic ionic coordination | PCN‐222 |
1.0/2.5 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.1 3.6 (ICP‐OES) |
Photocatalytic H2 evolution | [qv: [63a]] |
| UiO‐66–NH2 | Ru | Intrinsic ionic coordination | N‐doped carbon | 0.3 | Selective hydrogenation of quinoline | [qv: [63c]] |
| Hf–MOF‐808 | V | Intrinsic ionic coordination | Hf–MOF‐808 | 1.1 (ICP‐OES) | Selective alcohol oxidation | [qv: [65f]] |
| Zr–NU‐1000 | V | Intrinsic ionic coordination | Zr–NU‐1000 | 1.0 (ICP‐OES) | Selective alcohol oxidation | [qv: [63f]] |
| ZIF‐8 | Fe | Pore confinement | N‐doped carbon | 2.1 (ICP‐OES) | Electrocatalytic ORR | [qv: [64a]] |
| ZIF‐8 | Ni | Pore confinement | N‐doped carbon | 1.5 (ICP‐AES) | CO2 electroreduction | [qv: [64b]] |
| Ni–MOF | Ni | NPs‐to‐single atom conversion‐electrochemical activation | N‐doped carbon | 1.5 (ICP‐AES) | Electrocatalytic HER | [qv: [66a]] |
| ZIF‐8 |
Pt Pd Au |
NPs‐to‐single atom conversion‐pyrolytic activation | N‐doped carbon |
0.41 0.16 0.18 (ICP‐AES) |
Semihydrogenation of acetylene | [qv: [66b]] |
| Cu–MOF | Cu | Posttreatment with N | N‐doped carbon | 20.9 (ICP‐OES) | Electrocatalytic ORR | 65 |
| ZIF‐8 | Zn | Nanostructuring | N‐doped carbon | 11.3 (ICP‐AES) | Photothermal catalytic CO2 conversion | 136 |
| ZIF‐8 | Mn | Two‐step doping/adsorption | N‐doped carbon | 3.03 (ICP‐MS) | Electrocatalytic ORR | 87 |
| ZIF‐8 |
Cu Ni Co |
Gas‐migration | N‐doped carbon |
0.54 0.31 0.24 (ICP‐AES) |
Electrocatalytic ORR | 137 |
| ZIF‐8 | Fe | Gas‐migration | N‐doped carbon | 1.0 (XPS) | Electrocatalytic ORR | 86 |