Table 4.

Associations of physical and psychosocial work-related factors with disability retirement due to shoulder lesion among men and women in selected industrial sectors

	Manufacturing		Transportation and storage		Health and social work
	HR*	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% Cl
Men
Physical work load factors
Physically heavy work	2.06	1.55 to 2.74	0.71	0.31 to 1.61
Heavy lifting	0.96	0.72 to 1.28	2.91	1.09 to 7.75
Working in a forward bent posture	1.07	0.82 to 1.41	0.97	0.48 to 1.96
Working with hands above shoulder level	1.08	0.82 to 1.43	3.25	1.44 to 7.34
Work demanding high handgrip forces	0.99	0.72 to 1.34	0.60	0.31 to 1.16
Psychosocial work-related factors
High job demands	1.26	1.03 to 1.55	1.07	0.76 to 1.51
Low job control	2.75	1.91 to 3.97	1.19	0.56 to 2.54
Monotonous work	1.22	0.99 to 1.49	1.36	0.82 to 2.27
Women
Physical work load factors
Physically heavy work	1.60	1.06 to 2.41			1.42	1.09 to 1.85
Heavy lifting	1.31	0.78 to 2.19			0.71	0.50 to 1.03
Working in a forward bent posture	1.38	0.94 to 2.02			0.94	0.73 to 1.22
Working with hands above shoulder level	1.00	0.54 to 1.85			1.19	0.67 to 2.11
Work demanding high handgrip forces	1.02	0.65 to 1.60			1.25	0.68 to 2.30
Psychosocial work-related factors
High job demands	1.09	0.80 to 1.49			0.67	0.47 to 0.96
Low job control	1.29	0.72 to 2.29			0.89	0.70 to 1.14
Monotonous work	1.52	1.06 to 2.17			1.66	1.13 to 2.44

HRs¹⁹ and their 95% CIs.

Bold values are statistically significant.

*HRs are adjusted for age, education and each work-related factor within the group (either physical or psychosocial). The reference category for each work-related factor consists of the non-exposed.

†Including self-employed.