Table 4. Multivariable quantile regression models for potential predictors of cost of care (in 2016 Canadian dollars) among individuals with community-associated CDI by time period of follow up (before and after initial CDI) *.
| Median (95% CI) costs | 75th percentile (95% CI) costs | 90th percentile (95% CI) costs | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before CDI | After CDI | Before CDI | After CDI | Before CDI | After CDI | ||||||||
| 1y – 6m | 6m – 1d | CDI– 6m | 6m – 1y | 1y – 6m | 6m – 1d | CDI– 6m | 6m – 1y | 1y – 6m | 6m – 1d | CDI– 6m | 6m – 1y | ||
| Intercept | 153 | 296 | 491 | 274 | 344 | 699 | 1463 | 378 | 891 | 1137 | 5008 | 962 | |
| (60, 246) | (166, 425) | (153, 830) | (89, 459) | (104, 584) | (385, 1013) | (107, 2819) | (-100, 856) | (93, 1689) | (-158, 2431) | (994, 9022) | (-1423, 3347) | ||
| Type of CDI | Recurrent vs Single Episode |
28 | 157 | 1812 | 21 | 107 | 4 | 7086 | -43 | 1386 | 380 | 25256 | 628 |
| (-53, 109) | (47, 267) | (1559, 2064) | (-90, 132) | (-102, 316) | (-263, 270) | (6074, 8098) | (-330, 243) | (691, 2080) | (-718, 1478) | (22261, 28252) | (-800, 2057) | ||
| Second/later vs Single episode | 172 | 186 | 3139 | 329 | 508 | 1348 | 5113 | 1312 | 5436 | 3574 | 20013 | 12156 | |
| (59, 286) | (32, 339) | (2782, 3496) | (172, 486) | (215, 801) | (975, 1721) | (3683, 6542) | (908, 1717) | (4462, 6410) | (2037, 5110) | (15782, 24244) | (10139, 14173) | ||
| Male vs Female | -3 | 31 | 28 | -94 | 108 | 141 | 1061 | -56 | 810 | 1329 | 3975 | 604 | |
| (-58, 52) | (-44, 105) | (-142, 198) | (-167, -21) | (-33, 250) | (-40, 322) | (381, 1742) | (-244, 133) | (338, 1282) | (584, 2074) | (1961, 5989) | (-336, 1544) | ||
| Diabetes Diagnosis | 717 | 904 | 1245 | 634 | 1962 | 1669 | 1070 | 925 | 6467 | 3445 | -1317 | 3929 | |
| (638, 796) | (799, 1009) | (994, 1495) | (527, 740) | (1759, 2165) | (1414, 1925) | (66, 2074) | (651, 1198) | (5792, 7143) | (2392, 4498) | (-4289, 1655) | (2563, 5295) | ||
| Dialysis | 15044 | 5752 | 21650 | 5566 | 48162 | 14550 | 60410 | 38966 | 108427 | 29536 | 197689 | 63974 | |
| (14840, 15247) | (5488, 6017) | (20935, 22365) | (5244, 5889) | (47638, 48685) | (13908, 15193) | (57545, 63275) | (38135, 39798) | (106684, 110169) | (26889, 32183) | (189209, 206170) | (59826, 68123) | ||
| SEFI | -7 | -15 | 59 | 0 | 21 | 71 | 227 | 26 | 153 | 34 | 818 | 114 | |
| (-38, 24) | (-56, 27) | (-35, 153) | (-40, 40) | (-57, 100) | (-30, 171) | (-149, 602) | (-79, 130) | (-109, 415) | (-381, 449) | (-295, 1930) | (-405, 634) | ||
| Age (yrs) (reference category 60–69) |
18–39 | -110 | -121 | -318 | -180 | -161 | -260 | -679 | -127 | -528 | -311 | -1119 | -457 |
| (-197, -23) | (-239, -3) | (-582, -55) | (-292, -67) | (-385, 63) | (-546, 26) | (-1735, 378) | (-417, 163) | (-1273, 217) | (-1488, 866) | (-4246, 2008) | (-1904, 989) | ||
| 40–49 | -83 | -108 | -262 | -136 | -195 | -255 | -781 | -62 | -355 | -139 | -1510 | -492 | |
| (-178, 13) | (-238, 21) | (-553, 29) | (-259, -13) | (-440, 49) | (-570, 59) | (-1949, 386) | (-379, 255) | (-1170, 460) | (-1436, 1159) | (-4965, 1945) | (-2074, 1090) | ||
| 50–59 | 21 | -32 | -243 | 41 | -8 | -17 | -665 | 189 | -339 | 159 | 2326 | 655 | |
| (-68, 110) | (-152, 87) | (-508, 22) | (-73, 155) | (-238, 221) | (-307, 273) | (-1726, 397) | (-105, 482) | (-1102, 424) | (-1037, 1355) | (-816, 5468) | (-810, 2120) | ||
| 70–79 | 231 | 332 | 979 | 33 | 183 | 189 | 2794 | 444 | 985 | 127 | 6712 | 429 | |
| (135, 326) | (203, 462) | (684, 1274) | (-91, 158) | (-62, 429) | (-125, 504) | (1613, 3975) | (122, 765) | (168, 1802) | (-1170, 1424) | (3216, 10207) | (-1174, 2032) | ||
| 80+ | 487 | 269 | 2483 | 174 | 813 | 456 | 6454 | 222 | 985 | 2785 | 13278 | 1665 | |
| (386, 588) | (136, 401) | (2155, 2811) | (36, 313) | (553, 1073) | (133, 778) | (5140, 7768) | (-135, 579) | (121, 1850) | (1455, 4114) | (9389, 17168) | (-117, 3446) | ||
| CCI score (reference: 0) |
3+ | 1592 | 2193 | 1817 | 1591 | 4852 | 5449 | 5590 | 5205 | 25994 | 6111 | 3139 | 5182 |
| (1460, 1723) | (2024, 2361) | (1424, 2209) | (1441, 1740) | (4514, 5191) | (5040, 5858) | (4017, 7163) | (4820, 5590) | (24867, 27121) | (4427, 7795) | (-1517, 7795) | (3261, 7103) | ||
| 2 | 835 | 805 | 1191 | 782 | 3189 | 3369 | 6223 | 1829 | 12390 | 8685 | 11948 | 5482 | |
| (736, 934) | (675, 935) | (894, 1488) | (659, 905) | (2934, 3445) | (3054, 3685) | (5033, 7413) | (1512, 2147) | (11540, 13240) | (7384, 9985) | (8425, 15470) | (3897, 7068) | ||
| 1 | 342 | 142 | 321 | 176 | 805 | 236 | 788 | 169 | 4116 | 1743 | 3598 | 195 | |
| (268, 417) | (40, 244) | (91, 552) | (78, 275) | (613, 997) | (-10, 483) | (-135, 1712) | (-85, 422) | (3477, 4755) | (726, 2759) | (863, 6332) | (-1071, 1461) | ||
| Physician Usage (by quartile of use) (reference: Lowest Quartile) |
Highest | 1081 | 1349 | 1529 | 736 | 2351 | 2759 | 4062 | 2455 | 5704 | 8496 | 6515 | 6330 |
| (993, 1168) | (1229, 1469) | (1218, 1840) | (561, 911) | (2126, 2575) | (2468, 3050) | (2817, 5307) | (2004, 2906) | (4956, 6452) | (7297, 9695) | (2830, 10201) | (4078, 8581) | ||
| Third | 349 | 332 | 391 | 191 | 635 | 621 | 851 | 391 | 1318 | 1655 | -38 | 638 | |
| (264, 433) | (215, 449) | (87, 695) | (16, 366) | (418, 851) | (337, 905) | (-367, 2068) | (-60, 842) | (597, 2039) | (486, 2825) | (-3642, 3566) | (-1610, 2887) | ||
| Second | 117 | 148 | 118 | 64 | 253 | 176 | 256 | 121 | 393 | 198 | -1368 | 270 | |
| (33, 200) | (31, 264) | (-197, 433) | (-121, 249) | (37, 468) | (-107, 459) | (-1006, 1518) | (-357, 598) | (-325, 1111) | (-969, 1365) | (-5103, 2368) | (-2113, 2654) | ||
* Each time period analysis was limited to those surviving to the end of the period.
Intercepts represent the cost when all variables are set to reference values for example, the intercept provides the median cost for a 60–69 year old female subject without, diabetes or dialysis, who had median SEFI score and no comorbidities contributing to Charlson comorbidity score and low previous ambulatory care use.