. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 8.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017 May 10;18(7):437–451. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.27

Table 1.

Results from recent studies investigating alternative splicing during tissue development or cell differentiation.

Tissue / experimental conditions	Splicing targets or processes implicated in alternative splicing events	Recent review articles
Brain development / mouse cerebral cortex (RNA-seq), hippocampus (RNA-seq, microarrays) ^{13,31,139,140}	Endocytosis, vesicle mediated transport, small GTPases, cytoskeleton dynamics.	^76,141,142
Heart development / mouse ventricles, cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts (RNA-seq, microarrays) ^5,11,80	Cardiomyocytes: vesicular trafficking, membrane and cytoskeleton remodelling, ion channels, chromatin modifications. Fibroblasts: cell–cell contact, cell adhesion.	^79,143,144
Male germ cell development / mouse (RNA-seq)^120,121	Ralgps2, Bptf, Vapa4, Ezh2, Odf2, among others.	¹⁴⁵
T-cell activation / human Jurkat JSL1 cells PMA activated, primary human CD4⁺ T-cells (RNA-seq, microarrays)^{10,26,128,129}	Cell cycle regulation, cell signaling (BMP, CD40, NFKB, MAPK, RhoA pathways), vesicular trafficking, immune and inflammatory responses. Focus: LEF1 (exon 6), MKK7 (exon 2)	^146,147
Liver development / mouse hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells (RNA-seq)¹²	Actin-based processes, protein transport, splicing, chromatin modifications, cytoskeleton organization.	Not available to our knowledge
Erythropoiesis / human erythroblasts from CD34⁺ cord blood progenitors (RNA-seq)^137,138	Cell cycle, chromatin function, RNA processing. Subset of transitions: PTCs and/or intron retention on RNA processing and spliceosome genes, indicating that splicing–NMD coupling may contribute to gene regulation.	¹⁴⁸
Erythropoiesis / mouse liver (RNA-seq)¹³⁶	Receptor activity, chromatin modifications, RNA processing, RNA binding, DNA repair and packaging. Focus: Ndel1.	¹⁴⁸
Myoblast differentiation / C2C12 cells (RNA-seq, microarrays) ^14,149	Cytoskeletal properties, actin binding, integrin signalling, cell junction.	Not available to our knowledge
Smooth muscle cell de-differentiation / mouse primary cells from aorta and bladder (exon-junction arrays)¹⁵	Actin cytoskeleton, non-motor actin binding protein. Differentiated cells: intron retentions lead to PTC and protein downregulation (RBPs, splicing factors, splicing regulatory kinases)	Not available to our knowledge

Bpft: bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor, Ezh2: enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit, LEF1: lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1, MKK7: Jun-kinase-kinase MAP-kinase-7, Ndel1: nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1, NMD: non-sense mediated decay, Odf2: outer dense fiber of sperm tails-2, PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PTC: premature termination codon, Ralpgs2: ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor-2, RBPs: RNA-binding proteins, RNA-seq: RNA-sequencing, Vapa4: vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated-4.