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. 2019 Nov 8;9:16328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52811-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional loss in contraction of bladder smooth muscle by the chronic bladder ischemia (a,d) Organ bath analysis for contractile response of bladder muscle in the indicated groups; (a) Contractile response to 80 mM KCl; (b) frequency–response to EFS; (c) contractile response to 1 mM ATP; and (d) concentration–response curve to carbachol. Control n = 7 (14 bladder strips); sham n = 7 (14 bladder strips); AI-10 n = 6 (12 bladder strips); AI-20 n = 7 (14 bladder strips); AI-30 n = 7 (14 bladder strips). All data are presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the sham group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared to the AI-30 group. Source data with exact p-values and number of replicates can be found in the Supplementary Dataset.