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. 2019 Nov 8;9:16313. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52814-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Knockdown of ALDH3A1 leads to a marked reduction in production of NADH and ATP by SNU-638 cells, along with a concomitant fall in acetyl-CoA levels. (a–c) Effect of ALDH3A1 siRNA treatment (40 nM for 48 h) on metabolites derived from various metabolic pathways in SNU-638 cells. (d–f) Effect of gossypol treatment (5 µM) on metabolites derived from various metabolic pathways in SNU-638 cells. Relative pool sizes of metabolites after ALDH3A1 siRNA treatment for 48 h or gossypol treatment for 24 h were assessed by targeted LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Abbreviations: 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG); Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P); Fructose 6-phosphate (F6P); Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P); Fumarate (FUM); Malate (MAL). Data are expressed as the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.