Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Nov 8;9:16313. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52814-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Combined treatment with gossypol plus phenformin led to synergistic suppression of tumor growth in a mouse model of human gastric cancer. (a) SNU-638 (1.5 × 10⁷) cells were injected into BALB/c nude mice (6–8 weeks old). When the volume of the tumor mass reached 110 mm³, mice were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups (n = 6 per group): vehicle control, gossypol, phenformin, and gossypol plus phenformin. Gossypol (80 mg/kg body weight), phenformin (100 mg/kg body weight), and vehicle were administered orally 6 days/week. The graph shows a synergistic reduction in tumor growth after combined treatment with gossypol and phenformin. (b) The final weight of subcutaneous tumors derived from SNU-638 cells. (c) Representative photograph of subcutaneous tumors derived from SNU-638 cells. (d) IHC analysis of Ki67 staining in SNU-638 tumor xenograft tissues. Scale bar IH20 µm. (e) A proposed model for the synergistic mechanism underlying inhibition of ALDH3A1 and mitochondria complex 1 in gastric cancer. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.