Table 1.

The Ge-Ge and Si-Ge Raman frequencies obtained from spectra in Fig. 5 and the values of x and 〈S_∥〉 calculated using Eqs 1 and 2.

Sample	ω1 (cm−1)	ω2 (cm−1)	x	〈S∥〉 (%)
L	291.7	410.3	0.34	−0.008
MDL	288.2	406.3	0.25	−0.003
2-fold CQDs	299.2	418.7	0.54	−0.020
3-fold CQDs	299.8	419.1	0.57	−0.021