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. 2019 Nov 8;9:16354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52804-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inhibition effects of Pantoea isolates against the phytopathogenic fungus C. fimbriata. (A) Dual culture assay of C. fimbriata and Pantoea isolates at 16 d. Agar plugs of C. fimbriata (5-mm diameter) were co-incubated with Pantoea strains SH-3, SH-9, RO-18, RO-20, RO-21, and SO-13 for 16 d at 28 °C. Escherichia coli and P. agglomerans KCTC2564 were used as controls (scale bar = 1 cm). (B) The relative inhibition (RI) rate of each Pantoea strain against C. fimbrata. The RI was calculated using the formula RI (%) = [(radial growth in control − radial growth in sample)/radial growth in control] × 100%. The bars indicate the standard errors of triplicate samples. Values followed by a different letter are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).