Table 2.

Winter (December–February) averaged column-heating rate (W m⁻²) due to the atmospheric heat transport and turbulent heat flux anomalies

	Mid-latitudesa (Atm)	High latitudesb (Atm)	High latitudes (Ice)
Sea ice	−0.41	0.77	2.86
Memory	−0.35	0.92	−0.24
Total	−0.76	1.69	2.62

Atm indicates mass weighted vertical integration of heat transport from 850 to 300 hPa; ice indicates turbulent heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere

^aArea-weighted average for 30–60°N

^bArea-weighted average for 60–90°N