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. 2019 Nov 8;9:16323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51781-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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L. brevis increased GABA levels in small intestinal content. GABA levels were determined from tissue samples collected at the end of the 12-week intervention from LFC (n = 8), HFC (n = 12), DPC6108 (n = 14), DSM32386 (n = 11) from epididymal adipose tissue (A) and from LFC (n = 10), HFC (n = 12), DPC6108 (n = 14), DSM32386 (n = 14) in total small intestinal content (B). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. All data was analysed using the appropriate unpaired student t-test (HFC vs LFC) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). ^###p < 0.001 HFC vs LFC, **p < 0.01 treatment vs HFC. AUC: area under curve, GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid, HFC: high fat control, DPC6108: L. brevis DPC6108, DSM32386: L. brevis DSM32386, LFC: low fat control.