Table 1.
Comparison of California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES) 2015–2018 participants and California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (BRFSS) 2015 respondents in Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) levels, domains, and items.
| Data Source | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CLUES (n= 269) | BRFSS1 (n= 6,107) | p-value | |
| % (95% Confidence Intervals) | |||
| Overall ACE Level2 | 0.42 | ||
| 0 | 39.8 (34.1, 45.8) | 37.3 (34.7, 40.0) | |
| 1 | 23.4 (18.7, 28.9) | 21.4 (19.3, 23.7) | |
| 2–3 | 21.6 (17.0, 26.9) | 24.1 (22.0, 26.4) | |
| ≥4 | 15.2 (11.4, 20.1) | 17.2 (15.5, 18.9) | |
| Domain | |||
| Abuse | 34.2 (28.8, 40.1) | 45.2 (42.6, 47.9) | <0.001 |
| Emotional | 21.6 (17.0, 26.9) | 36.5 (34.0, 39.0) | <0.001 |
| Physical | 17.1 (13.0, 22.1) | 21.6 (19.6, 23.8) | 0.08 |
| Sexual | 19.0 (14.7, 24.1) | 14.1 (12.2, 16.1) | 0.06 |
| Household Challenges | 53.0 (47.0, 58.9) | 49.5 (46.9, 52.1) | 0.32 |
| Separation/Divorce | 33.1 (27.7, 39.0) | 27.3 (25.3, 29.5) | 0.06 |
| Substances in Home | 23.0 (18.4, 28.5) | 24.2 (22.5, 26.1) | 0.66 |
| Mental Illness in Home | 19.0 (14.7, 24.1) | 15.2 (13.6, 17.0) | 0.14 |
| Incarcerated Household Member | 5.6 (3.4, 9.1) | 7.3 (6.4, 8.4) | 0.24 |
| Domestic Violence in Home | 10.0 (7.0, 14.3) | 21.0 (19.1, 23.1) | <0.001 |
| Neglect | 24.2 (19.4, 29.7) | -- | |
| Emotional | 23.4 (18.7, 28.9) | -- | |
| Physical | 3.7 (2.0, 6.8) | -- | |
1
BRFSS responses account for complex survey design and are standardized to CLUES demographic distribution on age (18–37, 38–53, >54 years), sex, and race/ethnicity.
2
BRFSS ACE questionnaire does not include two “Neglect” items. Overall ACE levels for CLUES patients do not include the two neglect items.