Table 3.
Patient-reported SLE activity and damage, depression, physical function and quality of life among 269 California Lupus Epidemiology Study participants, by Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) level and domain from linear regression models adjusted for covariates1
| Patient-Reported Measures | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall ACE Level | SLAQ Disease Activity | BILD Disease Damage | PHQ Depression | PROMIS-PF Physical Function | SF-36 PCS Health Status |
| Adjusted means (95% CI) | |||||
| 0 | 7.7 (6.3–9.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 5.1 (4.1–6.1) | 48.9 (47.2–50.7) | 44.0 (41.9–46.2) |
| 1 | 8.2 (6.5–9.9) | 2.0 (1.4–2.5) | 5.4 (4.1–6.7) | 48.4 (46.2–50.6) | 42.6 (39.9–45.3) |
| 2–3 | 9.5 (7.8–11.2) | 1.9 (1.3–2.4) | 7.3 (6.1–8.6) | 46.9 (44.7–49.2) | 41.1 (38.4–43.8) |
| ≥4 | 13.1 (11.2–15.0) | 2.6 (2.0–3.2) | 8.1 (6.7–9.5) | 44.8 (42.4–47.2) | 38.0 (35.1–41.0) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.050 | 0.01 |
| ACE Domain | |||||
| None | 7.7 (6.3–9.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 5.1 (4.1–6.1) | 48.9 (47.2–50.7) | 44.0 (41.9–46.2) |
| Household Challenges | 10.0 (8.9–11.2)* | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 6.8 (6.0–7.7)* | 46.5 (45.1–48.0)* | 40.7 (38.9–42.4) * |
| Neglect | 10.9 (9.2–12.5)* | 2.0 (1.4–2.5) | 7.6 (6.4–8.8)* | 45.7 (43.6–47.9)* | 39.7 (37.1–42.3)* |
| Abuse | 11.7 (10.3–13.1)* | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 7.7 (6.7–8.7)* | 46.1 (44.3–48.0)* | 39.2 (37.0–41.4)* |
SLAQ - Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; BILD - Brief Index of Lupus Damage; PHQ - Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale; PROMIS PF – Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function; SF-36 PCS – Short Form, Physical Component Scale.
Adjusted for age, gender, race, disease onset <18 years, education level.
Domain effects estimated in separate models, using a 3-level variable: 1+ items in the given domain; 1+ items in any other domain (not shown in table); no items (i.e., ACE=0).
p<0.05 for comparison of domain effect to ACE=0.