Table 3.
Regression coefficients for associations of maternal 2nd trimester blood lead levels with BRIEF scores in mid-childhood, by sex
| Girlsa β (95% CI) |
Boysa β (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Parent-rated BRIEF Scales | ||
| Behavioral Regulation Index | 1.03 (0.01, 2.04) | 0.51 (−0.63, 1.66) |
| Emotional Control | 1.04 (−0.002, 2.08) | 0.36 (−0.70, 1.42) |
| Shift | 0.77 (−0.23, 1.77) | 0.87 (−0.35, 2.10) |
| Inhibit | 0.78 (−0.38, 1.93) | 0.21 (−0.92, 1.34) |
| Metacognition Index | 0.89 (−0.06, 1.85) | 0.36 (−0.63, 1.35) |
| Initiate | 0.90 (−0.14, 1.94) | −0.002 (−1.02, 1.02) |
| Working memory | 0.83 (−0.27, 1.92) | 0.25 (−0.82, 1.32) |
| Plan/organize | 1.05 (0.11, 1.98) | 0.70 (−0.34, 1.74) |
| Organization of materials | 0.49 (−0.46, 1.45) | 0.12 (−0.81, 1.05) |
| Monitor | 0.62 (−0.36, 1.60) | 0.39 (−0.68, 1.45) |
| General Executive Composite | 1.17 (0.06, 2.28) | 0.47 (−0.58, 1.51) |
| Teacher-rated BRIEF Scales | ||
| Behavioral Regulation Index | 0.56 (−0.68, 1.81) | 0.45 (−0.54, 1.44) |
| Emotional control | 0.83 (−0.53, 2.19) | 0.40 (−0.65, 1.46) |
| Shift | 0.45 (−0.91, 1.82) | 0.30 (−0.84, 1.44) |
| Inhibit | 0.24 (−0.93, 1.41) | 0.47 (−0.50, 1.45) |
| Metacognition Index | 0.54 (−0.78, 1.87) | 0.41 (−0.69, 1.50) |
| Initiate | 0.09 (−1.19, 1.37) | −0.02 (−1.06, 1.03) |
| Working memory | −0.02 (−1.45, 1.41) | −0.16 (−1.40, 1.08) |
| Plan/organize | 0.81 (−0.59, 2.21) | 0.65 (−0.49, 1.80) |
| Organization of materials | 0.96 (−0.41, 2.32) | 0.80 (−0.29, 1.89) |
| Monitor | 0.62 (−0.79, 2.03) | 0.49 (−0.57, 1.54) |
| General Executive Composite | 0.53 (−0.75, 1.82) | 0.41 (−0.60, 1.43) |
Note: Coefficients represent change in score for an IQR increase in maternal erythrocyte lead (0.6 μg/dL).
a
Model 2: Outcomes standardized for child age and sex; models adjusted for maternal 2nd trimester mercury and manganese levels, nulliparity, smoking during pregnancy, IQ, and education; paternal education; HOME composite score and household income; and child race/ethnicity.