Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of NAFLD cohort according to daily aspirin use1 at enrollment (n=361)
| Characteristic | Non-Regular Aspirin use1 N=210 |
Daily Aspirin use1 N=151 |
P-value¥ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at liver biopsy, years (SD) | 48.2 (13.5) | 59.9 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex, % | 119 (56.7) | 79 (52.3) | 0.18 |
| Race, % | 0.22 | ||
| • White | 166 (79.0) | 119 (78.8) | - |
| • Black | 4 (1.9) | 3 (2.0) | - |
| • Asian | 13 (6.2) | 9 (6.0) | - |
| • Other/Not specified | 27 (12.9) | 20 (13.2) | - |
| Hispanic Ethnicity, % | 36 (17.1) | 27 (17.8) | 0.29 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 33.5 (6.3) | 34.2 (6.3) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes, % | 81 (38.6) | 69 (45.7) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 116 (55.2) | 97 (64.2) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 97 (46.2) | 80 (53.0) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 18 (8.6) | 45 (29.8) | <0.0001 |
| Prior cardiac catheterization, % | 6 (2.9) | 19 (12.6) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking history, % | 0.011 | ||
| • Current | 26 (12.4) | 19 (12.6) | - |
| • Former | 53 (25.2) | 59 (39.1) | - |
| • Never | 131 (62.4) | 73 (48.3) | - |
| HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 44.1 (13.0) | 43.9 (12.1) | 0.46 |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 126.9 (63.0) | 126.8 (46.9) | 0.98 |
| Triglyerides, mg/dL (SD) | 162.0 (84.9) | 169.6 (95.0) | 0.52 |
| Medications at enrollment | |||
| Anti-hypertensive therapy, % | 92 (43.8) | 82 (54.3) | <0.0001 |
| Statin therapy, % | 75 (35.7) | 59 (39.1) | 0.021 |
| Metformin, % | 49 (23.3) | 43 (28.4) | 0.10 |
| Any anti-diabetic therapy4, % | 64 (30.5) | 57 (37.7) | 0.002 |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs2, % | 52 (24.8) | 25 (16.6) | 0.37 |
| Vitamin E, % | 24 (11.4) | 9 (6.0) | 0.03 |
| Indices of Liver Fibrosis* at enrollment | |||
| NFS | −1.22 (0.26) | −1.15 (0.38) | 0.33 |
| FIB-4 | 0.84 (0.27) | 0.83 (0.35) | 0.49 |
| APRI | 0.26 (0.19) | 0.25 (0.19) | 0.52 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation; NFS, NAFLD Fibrosis Score; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4 Index; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index
Aspirin use was defined as daily use of aspirin. Less frequent use or never-use was defined as non-regular use.
Non-aspirin NSAID use included any recorded or reported use of ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, or any other nonaspirin NSAID-containing medications.
Any antidiabetic therapy at enrollment included: metformin monotherapy (n=85), metformin + sulfonylurea (n=7), pioglitazone (n=1) and insulin (n=28).
P-values estimated by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test or t-test for continuous variables.
Calculation of the NFS = −1.675 + (0.037*age[years]) + (0.094*BMI [kg/m2]) + (1.13*Impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes [yes=1, no=0]) + (0.99*AST/ALT ratio) - (0.013*Platelet count [x109/L]) - (0.66*albumin [g/dl]). Calculation of the FIB-4 Index = (Age [years] * AST) / (Platelet count [x109/L] * √(ALT)). Calculation of the APRI = (AST, in IU/L) / (AST Upper Limit of Normal, IU/L) / (Platelet count [x109/L]).