. 2018 Nov 12;58(8):3047–3058. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1850-7

Table 2.

Iodine intake from food in pregnancy and language and learning at age 8 years in non-supplement users, adjusted models

Iodine intake (µg/day)	Language skills^a	Reading skills^a	Writing skills^a	Mapping test Reading^b	Mapping test Mathematics^b	Special education
	n	n	n	n	n	n/N (%)
	24,643	19,492	19,483	24,309	23,527	1756/24,806 (7.1%)
	Std. beta (95% CI)	Std. beta (95% CI)	Std. beta (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
25	0.07 (0.00, 0.13)	0.09 (0.02, 0.17)	0.11 (0.03, 0.18)	1.43 (1.23, 1.66)	1.13 (0.94, 1.36)	1.29 (1.00, 1.67)
50	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)	0.08 (0.03, 0.13)	0.09 (0.03, 0.14)	1.30 (1.18, 1.43)	1.10 (0.97, 1.24)	1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
75	0.06 (0.02, 0.09)	0.06 (0.02, 0.10)	0.07 (0.03, 0.11)	1.18 (1.10, 1.28)	1.06 (0.97, 1.16)	1.10 (0.96, 1.25)
100	0.04 (0.01, 0.08)	0.04 (0.00, 0.08)	0.05 (0.01, 0.08)	1.09 (1.01, 1.17)	1.03 (0.95, 1.13)	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)
125	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)	0.02 (0.00, 0.04)	0.02 (0.00, 0.05)	1.04 (0.99, 1.08)	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)	1.00 (0.92, 1.08)
160 (ref)	0	0	0	1	1	1
200	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)	0.00 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.00 (− 0.01, 0.02)	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.03 (1.00, 1.06)	1.04 (0.99, 1.09)
225	− 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.01)	0.00 (− 0.03, 0.03)	0.02 (− 0.01, 0.04)	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)	1.06 (1.00, 1.12)	1.08 (1.00, 1.16)
250	− 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.03)	0.01 (− 0.04, 0.05)	0.03 (− 0.01, 0.07)	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)	1.10 (1.01, 1.20)	1.12 (1.00, 1.26)
300	− 0.01 (− 0.07, 0.05)	0.02 (− 0.06, 0.10)	0.06 (− 0.01, 0.13)	1.04 (0.92, 1.19)	1.18 (1.01, 1.36)	1.22 (1.01, 1.47)
p overall	p = 0.013	p = 0.019	p = 0.004	p < 0.001	p = 0.083	p = 0.042
p non-linearity	p = 0.16	p = 0.096	p = 0.004	p < 0.001	p = 0.043	p = 0.019

Results are from multivariable regression analysis adjusting for confounders and for random effects of sibling clusters

^aStandardized beta > 0 indicate poorer skills

^bOdds ratio > 1 indicate increased risk of attaining poorer test results