Fig. 1.

Schematic depicting the possible role of breast milk microbiota in transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to infant. Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childbirth leads to enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mother’s milk microbiota which can be transferred to infant during breastfeeding. These ARGs can get disseminated to other commensal and pathogenic bacteria in infant gut via horizontal gene transfer (HGT)