Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| All study participants (n = 100) | Vitamin D (n = 50) | Placebo (n = 50) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
| Age (years) | 49 | 39–56 | 48 | 37–56 | 50 | 41–58 | 0.505 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 | 25.9–32.4 | 28.4 | 25.9–31.6 | 29.4 | 25.6–34.2 | 0.534 |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/l) | 54 | 43–69 | 56 | 44–72 | 53 | 42–63 | 0.799 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 45.4 | 35.8–56.4 | 45.4 | 35.2–58.0 | 43.1 | 36.3–55.2 | 0.460 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/l) | 2.37 | 2.32–2.43 | 2.37 | 2.32–2.44 | 2.36 | 2.32–2.42 | 0.328 |
| Urine calcium (mmol/l) | 2.66 | 1.30–3.63 | 2.50 | 1.19–3.61 | 2.83 | 1.50–3.63 | 0.513 |
| Total testosteronea (nmol/l) | 12.7 | 10.6–15.9 | 12.7 | 10.5–15.4 | 13.2 | 10.7–16.0 | 0.869 |
| Total testosterone immunoassay (nmol/l)b | 8.2 | 6.9–9.3 | 8.0 | 6.8–9.1 | 8.4 | 7.0–9.6 | 0.191 |
| Free testosterone (ng/ml) | 0.078 | 0.057–0.094 | 0.080 | 0.058–0.092 | 0.075 | 0.053–0.09 | 0.798 |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 28.9 | 22.9–41.5 | 27.2 | 20.3–41.5 | 30.4 | 24.0–41.5 | 0.559 |
| Free Androgen Index | 44.3 | 30.2–58.9 | 44.4 | 32.5–56.7 | 40.8 | 28.8–61.9 | 0.859 |
| Estradiol (ng/ml) | 34.7 | 26.9–43.0 | 34.7 | 26.9–44.2 | 34.7 | 26.2–42.8 | 0.765 |
| FSH (mU/ml) | 5.0 | 3.4–7.6 | 5.0 | 3.9–6.8 | 5.5 | 3.3–7.9 | 0.072 |
| LH (mU/ml) | 3.7 | 2.7–5.5 | 3.7 | 2.6–5.0 | 3.8 | 2.9–5.7 | 0.259 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 | 2.0–4.8 | 3.0 | 1.9–4.4 | 3.1 | 2.1–5.4 | 0.387 |
| HOMA-β | 165.3 | 114.7–237.3 | 160.1 | 113.8–229.9 | 184.6 | 115.5–241.4 | 0.138 |
| MATSUDA-index | 3.7 | 2.2–6.2 | 3.5 | 2.2–5.3 | 3.9 | 2.0–7.4 | 0.242 |
| QUICKI | 0.32 | 0.30–0.34 | 0.32 | 0.31–0.35 | 0.32 | 0.30–0.34 | 0.381 |
| AUCglucose | 258.5 | 223.0–299.3 | 261.5 | 233.8–304.5 | 251.0 | 217.8–299.3 | 0.310 |
| AUCinsulin | 129 | 74.6–243.5 | 126.8 | 84.9–232.2 | 136.0 | 66.8–253.6 | 0.282 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 211 | 178–237 | 204 | 164–236 | 216 | 192–237 | 0.212 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 50 | 41–60 | 50 | 40–60 | 51 | 41–61 | 0.396 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 127 | 101–153 | 125 | 98–146 | 128 | 112–157 | 0.450 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 107 | 76–162 | 115 | 75–152 | 107 | 77–177 | 0.212 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 28.0 | 23.1–36.6 | 26.2 | 23.0–34.7 | 31.1 | 23.6–37.3 | 0.700 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 58.5 | 55.1–65.4 | 57.8 | 53.5–65.4 | 58.9 | 56.8–65.3 | 0.367 |
| AMS score | 28 | 22–37 | 29 | 22–38 | 28 | 24–34 | 0.921 |
| IIEF-EF score | 28 | 22–30 | 28 | 21–29 | 28 | 23–30 | 0.339 |
Comparisons of baseline characteristics between men in the vitamin D and the placebo group were performed using student’s T test
HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, AUC area under the curve, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, AMS Aging Male’s Symptoms Questionnaire, IIEF-EF International Index of Erectile Function—Erectile Function Questionnaire
aTotal testosterone measured by ID-LC–MS/MS
bTotal testosterone measured by immunoassay