Table 3.
Vulnerability Multilevel Models of Depression Core Severity, Externalizing Dimensional, Internalizing Dimensional, and Global Functioning by FFM Dimensions
| DV: Depression Core Severity Score | DV: Externalizing Dimensional Score | DV: Anxiety Dimensional Score | DV: Global Functioning Score | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variable | Est. (SE) | t | p | Est. (SE) | t | p | Est. (SE) | t | p | Est. (SE) | t | p |
| Extraversion | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 2.74 (.11) | 24.4 | .00 | 5.45 (.31) | 17.4 | .00 | .67 (.10) | 6.8 | .00 | 19.22 (1.27) | 15.1 | .00 |
| Female gender | −.19 (.16) | −1.2 | .24 | −1.13 (.46) | −2.5 | .01 | .13 (.14) | .9 | .39 | −1.61 (1.88) | −.9 | .39 |
| Mean Baseline age | .49 (.11) | 4.6 | .00 | .65 (.30) | 2.2 | .03 | .05 (.10) | .5 | .59 | 1.29 (1.21) | 1.1 | .29 |
| T1 Income-to-needs ratio | −.07 (.07) | −1.0 | .33 | .21 (.20) | 1.0 | .30 | −.05 (.06) | −.8 | .46 | .22 (.82) | .3 | .79 |
| Baseline Externalizing severity | .08 (.02) | 4.4 | .00 | .56 (.05) | 10.7 | .00 | −.00 (.02) | −.2 | .81 | 2.11 (.21) | 10.0 | .00 |
| Baseline Depression severity | .40 (.09) | 4.6 | .00 | .33 (.25) | 1.3 | .19 | .18 (.08) | 2.3 | .02 | 2.11 (.97) | 2.2 | .03 |
| Baseline Anxiety severity | .02 (.05) | .4 | .66 | .18 (.14) | 1.3 | .19 | .16 (.04) | 3.8 | .00 | −.08 (.53) | −.2 | .88 |
| Time | −.11 (.04) | −2.9 | .00 | −.75 (.10) | −7.7 | .00 | −.12 (.03) | −3.8 | .00 | .45 (.49) | .9 | .36 |
| Extraversion (Vulnerability) | .28 (.15) | 1.9 | .06 | .36 (.42) | .9 | .39 | .13 (.13) | 1.0 | .33 | 1.76 (1.70) | 1.0 | .30 |
| Agreeableness | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 2.71 (.11) | 23.7 | .00 | 5.35 (.32) | 16.9 | .00 | .68 (.10) | 6.8 | .00 | 18.65 (1.28) | 14.6 | .00 |
| Female gender | −.13 (.17) | −.8 | .45 | −.90 (.47) | −1.9 | .05 | .11 (.15) | .7 | .47 | −.42 (1.91) | −.2 | .83 |
| Mean Baseline age | .53 (.11) | 4.8 | .00 | .78 (.30) | 2.6 | .01 | .03 (.10) | .3 | .76 | 2.03 (1.24) | 1.6 | .10 |
| T1 Income-to-needs ratio | −.05 (.07) | −.7 | .47 | .27 (.20) | 1.4 | .18 | −.06 (.06) | −1.0 | .34 | .58 (.82) | .7 | .48 |
| Baseline Externalizing severity | .08 (.02) | 4.4 | .00 | .55 (.05) | 10.7 | .00 | −.00 (.02) | −.1 | .92 | 2.06 (.21) | 9.8 | .00 |
| Baseline Depression severity | .40 (.09) | 4.7 | .00 | .33 (.25) | 1.3 | .18 | .18 (.08) | 2.3 | .02 | 2.15 (.96) | 2.2 | .03 |
| Baseline Anxiety severity | .02 (.05) | .4 | .67 | .19 (.13) | 1.4 | .17 | .16 (.04) | 3.7 | .00 | −.03 (.52) | −.1 | .96 |
| Time | −.11 (.04) | −2.8 | .01 | −.75 (.10) | −7.7 | .00 | −.12 (.03) | −3.8 | .00 | .46 (.49) | .9 | .35 |
| Agreeableness (Vulnerability) | −.40 (.24) | −1.7 | .09 | −1.26 (.66) | −1.9 | .06 | .16 (.21) | .8 | .44 | −6.77 (2.67) | −2.5 | .01 |
| Conscientiousness | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 2.68 (.11) | 23.5 | .00 | 5.32 (.32) | 16.7 | .00 | .67 (.10) | 6.6 | .00 | 18.50 (1.29) | 14.4 | .00 |
| Female gender | −.08 (.17) | −.5 | .65 | −.85 (.47) | −1.8 | .08 | .13 (.15) | .9 | .38 | −.13 (1.94) | −.1 | .95 |
| Mean Baseline age | .57 (.11) | 5.0 | .00 | .82 (.31) | 2.7 | .01 | .05 (.10) | .5 | .61 | 2.29 (1.27) | 1.8 | .07 |
| T1 Income-to-needs ratio | −.01 (.08) | −.2 | .87 | .35 (.21) | 1.6 | .11 | −.05 (.07) | −.7 | .46 | .92 (.86) | 1.1 | .29 |
| Baseline Externalizing severity | .08 (.02) | 4.5 | .00 | .56 (.05) | 10.8 | .00 | −.00 (.02) | −.2 | .88 | 2.09 (.21) | 10.0 | .00 |
| Baseline Depression severity | .40 (.09) | 4.7 | .00 | .32 (.25) | 1.3 | .20 | .18 (.08) | 2.3 | .02 | 2.14 (.96) | 2.2 | .03 |
| Baseline Anxiety severity | .02 (.05) | .4 | .68 | .19 (.13) | 1.4 | .17 | .16 (.04) | 3.8 | .00 | −.06 (.52) | −.1 | .90 |
| Time | −.11 (.04) | −2.9 | .00 | −.75 (.10) | −7.8 | .00 | −.12 (.03) | −3.8 | .00 | .44 (.49) | .9 | .37 |
| Conscientiousness (Vulnerability) | −.56 (.24) | −2.4 | .02 | −1.28 (.66) | −1.9 | .05 | −.01 (.21) | −.1 | .96 | −6.72 (2.71) | −2.5 | .01 |
| Neuroticism | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 2.74 (.11) | 24.0 | .00 | 5.36 (.31) | 17.0 | .00 | .69 (.10) | 6.9 | .00 | 18.92 (1.28) | 14.8 | .00 |
| Female gender | −.20 (.17) | −1.2 | .23 | −.88 (.47) | −1.9 | .06 | .08 (.15) | .5 | .59 | −.84 (1.91) | −.4 | .66 |
| Mean Baseline age | .47 (.11) | 4.4 | .00 | .65 (.29) | 2.2 | .03 | .04 (.10) | .4 | .71 | 1.34 (1.20) | 1.1 | .27 |
| T1 Income-to-needs ratio | −.08 (.07) | −1.0 | .30 | .16 (.20) | .8 | .42 | −.04 (.06) | −.7 | .50 | .02 (.81) | .0 | .98 |
| Baseline Externalizing severity | .09 (.02) | 4.6 | .00 | .56 (.05) | 10.8 | .00 | −.00 (.02) | −.2 | .83 | 2.12 (.21) | 10.1 | .00 |
| Baseline Depression severity | .40 (.09) | 4.6 | .00 | .31 (.25) | 1.2 | .22 | .18 (.08) | 2.3 | .02 | 2.08 (.97) | 2.2 | .03 |
| Baseline Anxiety severity | .02 (.05) | .4 | .71 | .17 (.13) | 1.3 | .21 | .16 (.04) | 3.9 | .00 | −.13 (.53) | −.3 | .80 |
| Time | −.11 (.04) | −2.8 | .01 | −.75 (.10) | −7.7 | .00 | −.12 (.03) | −3.9 | .00 | .47 (.49) | 1.0 | .34 |
| Neuroticism (Vulnerability) | −.10 (.30) | −.3 | .73 | 1.78 (.85) | 2.1 | .04 | −.44 (.27) | −1.6 | .11 | 5.90 (3.42) | 1.7 | .09 |
| Openness | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 2.73 (.11) | 24.3 | .00 | 5.45 (.31) | 17.3 | .00 | .67 (.10) | 6.8 | .00 | 19.20 (1.28) | 15.1 | .00 |
| Female gender | −.18 (.17) | −1.1 | .27 | −1.12 (.46) | −2.4 | .02 | .13 (.14) | .9 | .36 | −1.56 (1.88) | −.8 | .41 |
| Mean Baseline age | .49 (.11) | 4.6 | .00 | .65 (.30) | 2.2 | .03 | .06 (.10) | .6 | .55 | 1.28 (1.21) | 1.1 | .29 |
| T1 Income-to-needs ratio | −.08 (.07) | −1.2 | .25 | .19 (.20) | 1.0 | .34 | −.05 (.06) | −.9 | .39 | .15 (.82) | .2 | .86 |
| Time | .08 (.02) | 4.6 | .00 | .56 (.05) | 10.8 | .00 | −.00 (.02) | −.2 | .86 | 2.12 (.21) | 10.1 | .00 |
| Baseline Externalizing severity | .39 (.09) | 4.5 | .00 | .32 (.25) | 1.3 | .20 | .17 (.08) | 2.2 | .03 | 2.09 (.98) | 2.1 | .03 |
| Baseline Depression severity | .02 (.05) | .4 | .68 | .18 (.14) | 1.3 | .19 | .16 (.04) | 3.8 | .00 | −.09 (.53) | −.2 | .86 |
| Baseline Anxiety severity | −.11 (.04) | −2.9 | .00 | −.75 (.10) | −7.7 | .00 | −.12 (.03) | −3.8 | .00 | .46 (.49) | .9 | .35 |
| Openness (Vulnerability) | .38 (.25) | 1.5 | .13 | .40 (.70) | .6 | .57 | .22 (.22) | 1.0 | .33 | 1.81 (2.81) | .6 | .52 |
Note: Separate models were conducted for each FFM dimension and each symptom and functioning outcome variable.