Table 4.
Serum cadmium or lead and lung function measures in study participants1
| Serum cadmium (μg/L) | Serum lead (μg/L) | |
|---|---|---|
| Measures | β(95% confidence interval) | |
| All participants (N = 13,888) | ||
| Percent predicted FEV1 | −2.20 (−3.51, −0.88) ** | −0.21 (−0.45, 0.03) |
| Percent predicted FVC | −0.67 (−1.54, 0.20) | 0.19 (0.02, 0.35)* |
| Percent predicted FEV1/FVC | −1.68 (−2.36, −1.00) ** | −0.37 (−0.59, −0.14) ** |
| FeNO2, ppb | −0.95 (−1.46, −0.44) ** | −0.07 (−0.21, 0.07) |
| Never/former smokers (N = 10,742) | ||
| Percent predicted FEV1 | −4.51 (−6.78, −2.25) ** | −0.26 (−0.55, 0.03) |
| Percent predicted FVC | −0.82 (−2.53, 0.89) | 0.13 (−0.09, 0.36) |
| Percent predicted FEV1/FVC | −4.04 (−5.16, −2.91) ** | −0.35 (−0.61, −0.10) ** |
| FeNO2, ppb | −2.66 (−4.21, −1.11) ** | −0.07 (−0.25, 0.12) |
| Current smokers (N = 3,146) | ||
| Percent predicted FEV1 | −1.47 (−2.81, −0.13) * | −0.10 (−0.43, 0.22) |
| Percent predicted FVC | −0.49 (−1.45, 0.47) | 0.29 (0.06, 0.51) * |
| Percent predicted FEV1/FVC | −1.12 (−1.81, −0.42) ** | −0.38 (−0.63, −0.12) ** |
| FeNO2, ppb | −0.24 (−0.62, 0.14) | −0.07 (−0.21, 0.06) |
1
All models adjusted for annual household income, BMI, serum cotinine, occupational exposure to mineral dust or exhaust fumes, use of oral or inhaled steroid in the past 2 days, current wheeze status. The model for all participants was additionally adjusted for smoking status.
2
In additional adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity
3
* P< 0.05 and ** P< 0.01