. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Dec;47(12):1903–1916. doi: 10.1007/s10802-019-00573-y

Table 1.

Transmission of ADHD-Related Risk for Adult Substance Use via Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Tests of Mediation

	Depression Est (95% CI)	Heavy Drinking Est (95% CI)	Marijuana Use Est (95% CI)	Daily Smoking Est (95% CI)	Illicit Drugs Est (95% CI)

Direct effects
^a ADHD v. LNCG → Depression	.06^** (.03, .08)	-	-	-	-
^a ADHD+CD/ODD v. ADHD-only → Depression	.04^** (.01, .07)	-	-	-	-
^b Depression → Adult SU	-	−.34 (−1.41, .74)	.79 (−.60, 2.17)	2.62 (−.93, 5.74)	1.17 (−.26, 2.60)
^c ADHD v. LNCG → Adult SU	-	−.25 (−.63, .12)	.26 (−.23, .74)	2.28^** (1.20, 3.37)	−.10 (−.61, .41)
^c ADHD+CD/ODD v. ADHD-only → Adult SU	-	.09 (−.33, .52)	−.09 (−.65, .47)	.52 (−.70, 1.74)	.56 (−.03, 1.15)
Indirect (mediated) effects
ADHD v. LNCG → depression → Adult SU	-	−.02 (−.09, .04)	.04 (−.03, .13)	.15 (−.03, .35)	.07 (−.01, .16)
ADHD+CD/ODD v. ADHD-only → depression → Adult SU	-	−.01 (−.06, .03)	.03 (−.02, .11)	.10 (−.02, .28)	.05 (−.01, .13)

Note. Est = regression coefficient. CI = confidence interval around the estimate. For indirect (mediated) effects, Est = product coefficient representing the indirect effect testing mediation via depressive symptoms. Positive values suggest depression transmits increased ADHD-related risk for adult substance use; negative values indicate depression transmits reduced ADHD-related risk for adult substance use.

“a” paths in the mediation model.

“b” paths in the mediation model.

“c-prime” (direct effect) paths in the mediation model

^**

p<.006