Table 2.
Effects of Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence on Adolescent Substance Use (Concurrent Effects) and on Adult Substance Use (Prospective Effects): Nonlinear Multivariate Multilevel Model Results Testing Moderation
| Heavy Drinking B(SE) | Marijuana Use B(SE) | Daily Smoking B(SE) | Illicit Drugs B(SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: Concurrent effects on adolescent use (age <18) | ||||
| LNCG vs. ADHDa | .11 (.28) | −.25 (.30) | −1.53** (.46) | −.71* (.36) |
| ADHD + CD/ODD vs. ADHD-only | .19 (.33) | .27 (.33) | −.03 (.44) | −.04 (.36) |
| Effects of time-varying symptoms | ||||
| Depression | .97* (.47) | .96* (.48) | 1.30* (.66) | 1.41* (.60) |
| Inattention | .46* (.24) | .22 (.25) | .50 (.35) | .25 (.32) |
| Hyperactivity-impulsivity | .24 (.28) | .59* (.28) | .50 (.40) | .51 (.38) |
| Effects of average adolescent symptoms | ||||
| Avg depression | .65 (.85) | 3.05** (.77) | 3.29* (1.22) | 1.77* (.78) |
| Avg inattention | .47 (.32) | .16 (.34) | .86 (.46) | −.07 (.34) |
| Avg hyperactivity-impulsivity | .38 (.35) | .82* (.36) | .55 (.48) | .59 (.36) |
| Interactions | ||||
| Avg adolescent depression x Age | −.91** (.27) | - | −.59 (.35) | - |
| Part 2: Prospective effects on adult use (age 18+) | ||||
| LNCG vs. ADHDa | .16 (.22) | −.43 (.30) | −2.48** (.52) | .13 (.32) |
| ADHD + CD/ODD vs. ADHD-only | −.13 (.25) | .20 (.36) | .21 (.54) | .51 (.37) |
| Effects of average adolescent symptoms | ||||
| Avg depression | −.34 (.54) | 1.52* (.73) | 1.87 (1.25) | .94 (.75) |
| Avg inattention | −.09 (.23) | .86* (.31) | 1.78** (.53) | .27 (.33) |
| Avg hyperactivity-impulsivity | .45 (.25) | .26 (.37) | .70 (.57) | .73* (.35) |
| Interactions | ||||
| Avg adol depress x LNCG v. ADHD | - | 3.25* (1.52) | - | - |
| Avg adol hyper x LNCG v. ADHD | - | −1.49* (.74) | - | - |
Note. Coefficients represent the log odds of using each type of substance. Effects not shown include model intercepts, trajectories of change in use over age and by group (LNCG, ADHD, ADHD+CD/ODD), baseline sociodemographic covariates, and study site. These were presented in Molina et al. (2018) and are not repeated here.
Regression coefficients represent LNCG-ADHD differences unadjusted for ADHD symptom severity. Dashes in some cells ( - ) refer to interaction terms not present in the given model due to trimming, as described in the analysis plan.
p<.05
p<.005.