Table 1.
Personal and household characteristics of participant mothers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, 2014 – 2016 (n = 1486, unless otherwise specified)
| Characteristics | Total | LBW | Premature |
| (n= 1,486) | (n= 203) | (n= 143) | |
| Maternal age, n (%) | |||
| <18 years | 27 (1.8) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) |
| 18 – 34 years | 1342 (90.3) | 179 (88.2) | 124 (86.7) |
| ≥ 35 years | 117 (7.9) | 22 (10.8) | 17 (11.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Oromo | 1054 (70.9) | 150 (73.9) | 112 (78.3) |
| Amhara | 128 (8.6) | 14 (6.9) | 8 (5.6) |
| Tigre and others | 103 (6.9) | 8 (3.9) | 5 (3.5) |
| Yam | 84 (5.7) | 12 (5.9) | 6 (4.2) |
| Dawuro | 57 (3.9) | 10 (4.9) | 4 (2.8) |
| Kaffa | 60 (4.0) | 9 (4.4) | 8 (5.6) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married or defacto | 1471 (99.0) | 195 (96.1) | 139 (97.2) |
| Widowed, divorced, separated, or never lived together | 15 (1.0) | 8 (3.9) | 4 (2.8 |
| Religion, n (%) | |||
| Muslim | 1002 (67.4) | 148 (72.9) | 114 (79.7) |
| Orthodox Christian | 327 (22.0) | 33 (16.3) | 16 (11.2) |
| Non-orthodox Christian, or other | 157 (10.6) | 22 (10.8) | 13 (9.1) |
| Maternal education, n (%) | |||
| None | 338 (22.7) | 63 (31.0) | 49 (34.3) |
| Primary | 520 (35.0) | 75 (37.0) | 52 (36.4) |
| Secondary | 358 (24.1) | 36 (17.7) | 24 (16.8) |
| Higher, technical, or vocational | 270 (18.2) | 29 (14.3) | 18 (12.6) |
| Number of people sleeping in the house, n (%) | |||
| < 5 | 1103 (74.2) | 140 (69.0 | 87 (60.8) |
| ≥ 5 | 383 (25.8) | 63 (31.0) | 56 (39.2) |
| Main source of drinking water, n (%) | |||
| Piped to dwelling or yard | 773 (52.0) | 82 (40.4) | 53 (37.1) |
| Public tap or well | 426 (28.7) | 73 (36.0) | 49 (34.3) |
| Spring, surface water, river, lake, or pond | 287 (19.3) | 48 (23.6) | 41 (28.7) |
| Socioeconomic score by wealth quintile derived via PCA, n (%) | |||
| Poorest | 298 (20.0) | 27 (13.3) | 17 (11.9) |
| Second | 303 (20.4) | 33 (16.3) | 20 (14.0) |
| Middle | 293 (19.7) | 41 (20.2) | 29 (20.3) |
| Fourth | 301 (20.3) | 40 (19.7) | 31 (21.7) |
| Richest | 291(19.6) | 62 (30.5) | 46 (32.1) |
| Gravida, n (%) | |||
| Primigravida | 728 (49.0) | 92 (45.3) | 51 (35.7) |
| Multigravida (≥2 pregnancies) | 758 (51.0) | 111 (54.7) | 92 (64.3) |
| Parity, n (%) | |||
| Primiparous | 764 (51.4) | 96 (47.3) | 52 (36.4) |
| Multiparous (2–4 births) | 541 (36.4) | 75 (36.9) | 64 (44.8) |
| Grand multipara (≥5 births) | 181 (12.2) | 32 (15.8) | 27 (18.9) |
| Previous child deaths, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 1286 (86.6) | 171 (84.2) | 120 (83.9) |
| 1 | 155 (10.4) | 25 (12.3) | 20 (14.0) |
| ≥ 2 | 45 (3.0) | 7 (3.5) | 3 (2.1) |
| Number of antenatal care visits, n (%) | |||
| ≥ 4 visits | 946 (68.0) | 118 (58.1) | 85 (59.4) |
| 1–3 visits | 396 (28.5) | 72 (35.5) | 51 (35.7) |
| 0 visits | 48 (3.5) | 13 (6.4) | 7 (4.9) |