Table 3.

Univariable and multivariable odds ratios of potential risk factors for low birth weight in neonates born at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, 2014 – 2016 (n = 1390)

Characteristics	Univariable odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Multivariable odds ratio (95% CI)	P
Gestational age by NBS
≥ 37 weeks (term/post-term)	ref		ref
< 37 weeks (preterm)	24.35 (16.15 – 36.70)	<0.001	23.54 (15.35 – 36.08)	<0.001
Sex
Male	ref		ref
Female	1.62 (1.20 – 2.19)	0.002	1.40 (0.98 – 2.00)	0.07
Maternal age
18 – 34 years	ref		ref
<18 years	0.55 (0.13 – 2.35)	0.14	0.23 (0.03 – 1.62)	0.18
≥ 35 years	1.56 (0.95 – 2.56)		1.40 (0.75 – 2.91)
Marital status
Married or defacto	ref		ref
Widowed, divorced, separated,	6.92 (2.48 – 19.29)	<0.001	5.73 (1.61 – 20.40)	0.007
or never lived together
Maternal education
Higher, technical, or vocational	ref		ref
Secondary	0.90 (0.54 – 1.52)		0.76 (0.41 – 1.42)
Primary	1.33 (0.84 – 2.10)	0.006	0.95 (0.51 – 1.77)
None	1.85 (1.15 – 2.97)		0.95 (0.45 – 2.01)	0.79
Socioeconomic index by wealth quintile
Richest	ref		ref
Fourth	1.23 (0.72 – 2.10)		1.16 (0.61 – 2.19)
Middle	1.56 (0.93 – 2.62)	0.001	1.16 (0.59 – 2.26)	0.67
Second	1.48 (0.88 – 2.49)		1.07 (0.54 – 2.14)
Poorest	2.56 (1.57 – 4.16)		1.57 (0.76 – 3.23)
Gravida
Primigravida	ref
Multigravida	1.14 (0.85 – 1.54)	0.39
Parity
Primiparous	ref		ref
Multiparous (2–4 births)	1.08 (0.78 – 1.50)	0.26	0.79 (0.53 – 1.19)	0.34
Grand multipara (≥5 births)	1.45 (0.93 – 2.25)		0.64 (0.33 – 1.26)
Previous child deaths
0	ref
≥ 1	1.28 (0.85 – 1.94)	0.24
Number of antenatal care visits
> 4	ref		ref
1–3	1.56 (1.13 – 2.15)		1.40 (0.94 – 2.10)	0.17
0	2.61 (1.34 – 2.07)	0.001	1.73 (0.74 – 4.04)

CI = confidence interval