Table 1.

Peak pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to intra-arterial injection of chemicals, static contraction, or stretch of triceps surae muscles

Stimulus (Index)	Baseline	Peak	95% CI	P Value	Cohen’s d
Capsaicin (n = 35)
MAP	132 ± 24	176 ± 29	[29 59]	P < 0.001	d = 1.67
HR	455 ± 64	461 ± 65	[3 6]	P < 0.001	d = 0.92
Bradykinin (n = 15)
MAP	116 ± 31	138 ± 32	[6 38]	P < 0.001	d = 1.37
HR	419 ± 54	421 ± 54	[1 4]	P < 0.001	d = 0.59
α-β-Methylene ATP (n = 10)
MAP	127 ± 39	150 ± 38	[7 40]	P < 0.001	d = 2.16
HR	461 ± 57	464 ± 57	[1 6]	P < 0.001	d = 0.58
Diprotonated phosphate (n = 10)
MAP	127 ± 25	166 ± 37	[11 66]	P < 0.001	d = 1.68
HR	473 ± 55	479 ± 52	[2 10]	P < 0.001	d = 1.32
Static contraction (n = 34)
MAP	105 ± 25	130 ± 31	[17 35]	P < 0.001	d = 1.53
HR	386 ± 42	396 ± 40	[7 14]	P < 0.001	d = 0.94
BPI	2,999 ± 757	3,328 ± 856	[216 442]	P < 0.001	d = 1.11
Passive stretch (n = 33)
MAP	120 ± 23	158 ± 30	[37 51]	P < 0.001	d = 2.04
HR	394 ± 41	401 ± 39	[4 9]	P < 0.001	d = 0.76
BPI	3,474 ± 699	3,989 ± 738	[425 605]	P < 0.001	d = 1.46

Results are presented as means ± SD; n = sample size. Ninety-five percent confidence interval (CI) is presented as the lower and upper boundary of the interval containing the true value of the effect of stimulus on the corresponding index. BPI, blood pressure index (in millimeters of mercury times s); HR, heart rate (in beats/minute); MAP, mean arterial blood pressure (in millimeters of mercury).