Table 2.
Correlation of MRD with clinical outcomes in patients who underwent Haplo-SCT.
| References | Diagnosis (Pt. No.) | Transplant modalities | Methods for MRD | Transplant outcomes | Multivariate analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao et al. (94) | ALL (543) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF | MFC | Positive pre-MRD, except for low level one (MRD < 0.01%), is correlated with higher CIR, and inferior LFS. | Yes |
| Lv et al. (5) | Intermediate risk AML (78) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF | MFC | Positive MRD (detectable) after two-cycle consolidation is associated with higher CIR and inferior survival. | Yes |
| Liu et al. (95) | AML (460) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF | MFC | Peri-transplantation MRD (detectable) assessment is useful for risk stratification. | Yes |
| Liu et al. (96) | AML (145) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF | MFC | Persistent positive MRD (detectable) pre-transplantation predicts poor clinical outcome. | Yes |
| Canaani et al. (97) | AML (393) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (27.2%) Haplo-SCT with PTCy (66%) Haplo-SCT with G-CSF+PTCy (6.8%) | MFC | Positive pre-transplant MRD status (detectable) is a predictor of poor prognosis. | Yes |
| Qin et al. (100) | AML (14) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (79%) MSDT (21%) | RT-PCR | TLS-ERG transcript levels (>1.0%) predict high-risk of relapse and inferior survival. | No |
| Hong et al. (104) | B-ALL (28) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (90%) MSDT (10%) | TR-PCR | The E2A-PBX1 positive (detectable) after transplantation is correlated with poor prognosis. | No |
| Tang et al. (103) | AML (53) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (75.5%) MSDT (24.5%) | RT-PCR | Post-transplant CBFB-MYH11 positive (defined as ≤ 3-log reduction in CBFB-MYH11 transcripts compared with the pre-treatment baseline level) could predict poor outcomes. | No |
| Zhao et al. (101) | T-ALL (29) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (90%) MSDT (10%) | RT-PCR | Pre- or post-transplantation SIL-TAL1 positive (detectable) is associated with higher CIR and inferior DFS and OS. | No |
| Liu et al. (105) | AML (16)/ALL (24) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (75%) MSDT (10%) Other alternative modality (15%) | RT-PCR | MLL gene positive after transplantation (detectable) is associated with higher CIR and inferior DFS and OS. | Yes |
| Wang et al. (102) | ALL (92) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (48%) MSDT (48%) Other alternative modality (4%) | RT-PCR | Positive MRD (defined as ≤ 3-log reduction in RUNX1/RUNX1T1 transcripts when compared with the pre-treatment baseline level) at 1, 2, and 3 months after transplantation predicts higher CIR and inferior survival. | Yes |
| Zhou et al. (99) | ALL (139) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (76%)MSDT (24%) | MFC | Positive MRD post-transplantation (detectable) is associated with high risk of relapse and inferior survival. | Yes |
| Zhou et al. (98) | AL (138) | Haplo-SCT based on G-CSF (58%) MSDT (29%) Other alternative modalities (13%) | RT-PCR | The WT1 expression level (≥0.60%) after transplantation is associated with higher CIR and inferior survival. | Yes |
MRD, minimal residual disease; Haplo-SCT, haploidentical stem cell transplantation; Ref., reference; Pt., patients; No., number; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MFC, multiparameter flow cytometry; CIR, cumulative incidence of relapse; LFS, leukemia-free survival; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; PTCy, post-cyclophosphamide; RT-PCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MDST, human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation; AL, acute leukemia.