Table 1.
Characteristics and results of selected studies.
| References | Study design | Population | Number of participants | Mean age(years) mean ± SD or (IQR) | Female % | Mean follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burge et al. (14) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset | 71 | / | / | / |
| Chartrand et al. (15) | Retrospective cohort | ILD established, myositis spectrum of disease, and/or SynS | 33 | 55 | 22 (66.7%) | / |
| Castelino et al. (16) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset | 50 | 64 (32–80) | 27 (54%) | 12 |
| De Sadeleer et al. (17) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset | 938 | 60.8 (14–90) | 34.8% | |
| Ferri et al. (18) | Retrospective case-control | UCTD, IPAF, U-ILD | 52 UCTD vs. 50 (35 IPAF- 15 U-ILD) | UCTD 55 ± 13, IPAF 63 ± 12, U-ILD 68 ± 8.9 | UCTD 44 (86%) IPAF 24(69%) U-ILD 9(60%) | / |
| Flaherty et al. (19) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset (CTD excluded) | 58 | / | / | / |
| Fujisawa et al. (20) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset (subjected to Surgical Lung Biopsy) | 465 | 65 | 35% | 7 |
| Han et al. (21) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD | 56 | 56.9 ± 12.6 | 32 (57.1%) | 7 |
| Jeong et al. (22) | Prospective cohort | ILD related to CTD Idiopathic ILD | 44 (23 CTD-ILD vs. 21 IPF) | CTD-ILD: 58.5, Idiopathic ILD: 70 | CTD-ILD: 69.6%, Idiopathic ILD: 23.8% | |
| Jo et al. (23) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD | 417 | 31 | 26.16 | |
| Jo et al. (24) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD, ILD related to CTD, unclassifiable ILD | 90 | 67 ± 11 | 36 (40%) | / |
| Kalluri et al. (25) | Retrospective case-control/retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD | 32 | MDC group: 22, no MDC group: 10 | MDC group: 36%, no MDC group: 40% | No MDC group: 17.4; MDC group: 14.4 |
| Kohashi et al. (26) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD that underwent to SLB | 47 | 62 (56–67) | 14 (29.8%) | 1,582 (1,213–1,935) days |
| Kondoh et al. (27) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD, Unclassifiable ILD, NSIP, hypersensitivity Pneumonia, ILD related to CTD | 179 | 65 (60–70) | 56 (31.3%) | / |
| Levi et al. (28) | Prospective cohort | New onset: ILD related CTD, Idiopathic ILD, IPAF | 60 | 67.3 ± 12 | 27(45%) | / |
| Lok (29) | Retrospective cohort | / | 138 | General respiratory clinic: 64.6 vs. Patients of ILD clinic: 55.9 | General respiratory clinic 31 (37%) ILD clinic: 28 (52%) | General respiratory clinic 31.9 vs. ILD clinic 22.3 |
| Chaudhuri et al. (30) | Retrospective cohort | ILD established: ILD related to CTD, Idiopathic ILD |
318 | / | / | / |
| Nakamura et al. (31) | Retrospective cohort | U-ILD | 33 | 64.4 ± 8.8 | 17(51.5%) | 60.5 |
| Newton et al. (32) | Retrospective cohort | familial pulmonary fibrosis | 115 | 58 ± 10 | 57 (49.6%) | 180 |
| Patterson et al. (3) | Case control study | ILD onset | 327 (80 of age>70) | 54 ± 12 non-elderly vs. 76 ± 4 elderly | 115(47%) non-elderly, 54 (68%) elderly | / |
| Pezzuto et al. (33) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset | 124 | 69 ± 7.9 | 37 (29.8%) | / |
| Tanizawa et al. (34) | Retrospective cohort | ILD established (UIP pattern at histology) CTD-ILD related are excluded | 252.215 IPF, 19 U-ILD, 13 hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 68.1 (62.1–72.6) with BCF vs. 67.7 (62.5–73.8) without BCF | 32 (33.3%) in with BCF vs. 43(27.6%) without BCF | / |
| Thomeer et al. (35) | RCT | ILD established | 182 | 18–75 | NA | 12 |
| Tomassetti et al. (36) | Cross sectional | ILD established (without define UIP pattern on HRCT) | 117 (59 BLC vs. 59 SLB) | 59 (29–77) BLC vs. 59 (34–74) SLB | 31 (53.4%) in BLC vs. 31 (52.5%) in SLB | |
| Tominaga et al. (37) | Retrospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD | 95 | 63 (40–79) | 17 (10.7%) | / |
| Oltmanns et al. (38) | Retrospective cohort | ILD established | 63 | 68 ± 7 | 16. (25%) | 11 ± 7 |
| Ussavarungsi et al. (39) | Retrospective cohort | U-ILD | 74 | 63 (20–89) | 33(45%) | / |
| Walsh et al. (40) | Retrospective cohort | ILD onset | 70 | 60.9 ± 15.5 | 46(66%) | 67 |
| Yamauchi et al. (41) | Prospective cohort | Idiopathic ILD | 30 | 64.5 ± 6.3 | 8(26.7%) | / |
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; MDT, multidisciplinary team; ILD, interstitial lung disease; HRCT, high resolution computer tomography; PFT, pulmonary function test; CT, computed tomography; ASSD/Syns, antisynthetase; UCTD, undifferentiated connective tissue disease; IPAF, Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; U-ILD, undifferentiated connective tissue disease; CTD, connective tissue diseases; CTD-ILD, interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue diseases; MDC, multidisciplinary collaborative; SLB, surgical lung biopsy; NSIP, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia; BLC, bronchoscopic lung biopsy; /, not reported.