Table 2.

Annotated metabolites that differentiate STZ diabetic kidney tissue from NaC-treated control tissue and associate with meprin-β expression or deficiency

Metabolite	VIP	P Value†	FC*
WT mice only
Dibutyl malate	0.9	0.002	−2.5
Lysophosphatidylcholine [16:1(9Z)]	1.2	0.004	−2.1
3-Methoxytyrosine	1	0.011	2
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate	0.9	0.003	2
3-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-propanoic acid sulfate	1.5	0.011	1.9
Cis-5-Decenedioic acid	2.1	0.008	1.8
5-Hydroxytryptophol	1	0.008	−1.8
Indoxyl sulfate	5.6	0.002	1.7
d-1,5-Anhydrofructose	1.9	0.004	1.7
2,4-Dimethylpimelic acid	0.8	0.006	−1.6
l-Acetylcarnitine	1.1	0.006	1.5
9′-Carboxy-γ-chromanol	0.9	0.008	1.5
Prenyl glucoside	0.4	0.028	−1.5
3-Aminosalicylic acid	0.9	0.016	1.3
N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide	0.8	0.048	1.2
Caffeic acid 3-sulfate	0.5	0.006	1.2
Lotaustralin	1.1	0.004	−1.2
7-Methoxy-5-prenyloxycoumarin	0.5	0.028	−1.2
Methyl bisnorbiotinyl ketone	0.4	0.016	1.1
Inosine	4.8	0.093	1.1
Phenylpropionylglycine	0.6	0.045	1.1
N-γ-l-glutamyl-l-aspartic acid	5.2	0.03	−1.1
533 Unknowns
βKO mice only
Cortisol	2.3	0.028	3
Isovalerylalanine	1.7	0.048	−2.1
Hydroxymethoxyphenylcarboxylic acid-O-sulfate	3	0.028	1.8
Cervonoyl ethanolamide	0.5	0.026	−1.8
Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate	1	0.048	1.6
Ethyl-7-epi-12-hydroxyjasmonate glucoside	0.8	0.008	1.6
5-Methoxysalicylic acid	0.7	0.016	1.4
Wyerol	0.3	0.010	1.1
212 Unknowns

WT, wild type; βKO, meprin-β knockout; VIP, variable importance of projection; FC, fold change; STZ, streptozotocin; NaC, sodium citrate.

^*FC is relative to nondiabetic controls; a VIP score of ≥2 is considered a strong predictor of diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney disease.

^†P value was by an exact Wilcoxon rank sum test.