Fig. 3.

Exogenous testosterone supplementation masculinizes female urinary physiology. Summary statistics for anatomic and physiological differences across experimental groups evaluating if exogenous testosterone supplementation in female mice would masculinize urinary function are shown. A: 6–13 intact male mice (with sham castration and sham testosterone capsule implantation) and 6–7 female mice (with sham testosterone capsule implantation) were compared for baseline differences in urinary function. B: 5–7 female mice were implanted with 1-cm Silastic capsules containing crystalline testosterone (Female w/ T) for 3 wk and compared with 6–7 female mice with sham testosterone capsule implants. All results are mean fold differences relative to intact female control values. Differences that were significantly higher than intact female mice are shown in green and those that were lower than intact female mice are shown in red. End points that did not significantly differ from intact female mice are shown in gray. The numeric fold difference relative to intact female mice is indicated by the bar size according to the legend at the top of the figure. Male urinary physiology was different from female urinary physiology at baseline. The female voiding parameters affected by exogenous testosterone included many of the same parameters that distinguished male from female voiding function. Statistical analyses were performed with Graph Pad Prism 8.0.2 (Graphpad Software, La Jolla, CA). A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, and transformation was applied to normalize data when possible. The F-test was used to test for homogeneity of variance for pairwise comparisons. Welsh’s correction was applied when variances was unequal. When variance was equal, comparisons between two groups were made using Student’s t-test. The Mann-Whitney test was applied when data could not be normalized through transformation.