Table 1.
Characteristics | Non-Frailty | Pre-Frailty | Frailty | Total | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Total | 65 | 12.7 | 336 | 65.6 | 111 | 21.7 | 512 | 100.0 | |
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 14 | 9.1 | 109 | 70.8 | 31 | 20.1 | 154 | 30.1 | 0.184a |
Female | 51 | 14.2 | 227 | 63.4 | 80 | 22.4 | 358 | 69.9 | |
Age groups | |||||||||
60–65 years | 32 | 27.1 | 74 | 62.7 | 12 | 10.2 | 118 | 23.1 | <0.01 a |
66–70 years | 18 | 14.6 | 82 | 66.7 | 23 | 18.7 | 123 | 24.0 | |
71–75 years | 10 | 10.0 | 72 | 72.0 | 18 | 18.0 | 100 | 19.5 | |
76–80 years | 3 | 4.9 | 45 | 73.8 | 13 | 21.3 | 61 | 11.9 | |
>80 years | 2 | 1.8 | 63 | 57.3 | 45 | 40.9 | 110 | 21.5 | |
Occupation | |||||||||
Retired | 16 | 7.4 | 143 | 66.2 | 57 | 26.4 | 216 | 42.2 | <0.01 a |
Farmer | 38 | 17.0 | 155 | 69.2 | 31 | 13.8 | 224 | 43.8 | |
Others | 11 | 15.3 | 38 | 52.8 | 23 | 31.9 | 72 | 14.1 | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Have spouse/partner | 54 | 16.7 | 218 | 67.3 | 52 | 16.1 | 324 | 63.4 | <0.01 a |
Single/divorced/separated | 3 | 12.0 | 17 | 68.0 | 5 | 20.0 | 25 | 4.9 | |
Widowed | 8 | 4.9 | 101 | 62.4 | 53 | 32.7 | 162 | 31.7 | |
Caregiver | |||||||||
Spouse/children | 61 | 13.6 | 298 | 66.5 | 89 | 19.9 | 448 | 87.5 | 0.04 a |
Grandchildren | 2 | 5.3 | 21 | 55.3 | 15 | 39.5 | 38 | 7.4 | |
Others | 2 | 7.7 | 17 | 65.4 | 7 | 26.9 | 26 | 5.1 | |
Smoking status | |||||||||
Never | 57 | 12.3 | 300 | 64.8 | 106 | 22.9 | 463 | 90.4 | 0.05 a |
Former smoker | 1 | 4.6 | 18 | 81.8 | 3 | 13.6 | 22 | 4.3 | |
Current smoker | 7 | 25.9 | 18 | 66.7 | 2 | 7.4 | 27 | 5.3 | |
Alcohol use | |||||||||
Never | 54 | 13.3 | 262 | 64.5 | 90 | 22.2 | 406 | 79.3 | 0.38 a |
Former alcohol user | 3 | 21.4 | 7 | 50.0 | 4 | 28.6 | 14 | 2.7 | |
Current alcohol user | 8 | 8.7 | 67 | 72.8 | 17 | 18.5 | 92 | 18.0 | |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age | 67.4 | 4.9 | 72.6 | 7.7 | 76.7 | 9.2 | 72.8 | 8.2 | <0.01 b |
a Chi-squared test; b Kruskal–Wallis test.