Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of respondents.

Characteristics	Non-Frailty		Pre-Frailty		Frailty		Total		p-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	65	12.7	336	65.6	111	21.7	512	100.0
Gender
Male	14	9.1	109	70.8	31	20.1	154	30.1	0.184a
Female	51	14.2	227	63.4	80	22.4	358	69.9
Age groups
60–65 years	32	27.1	74	62.7	12	10.2	118	23.1	<0.01 a
66–70 years	18	14.6	82	66.7	23	18.7	123	24.0
71–75 years	10	10.0	72	72.0	18	18.0	100	19.5
76–80 years	3	4.9	45	73.8	13	21.3	61	11.9
>80 years	2	1.8	63	57.3	45	40.9	110	21.5
Occupation
Retired	16	7.4	143	66.2	57	26.4	216	42.2	<0.01 a
Farmer	38	17.0	155	69.2	31	13.8	224	43.8
Others	11	15.3	38	52.8	23	31.9	72	14.1
Marital status
Have spouse/partner	54	16.7	218	67.3	52	16.1	324	63.4	<0.01 a
Single/divorced/separated	3	12.0	17	68.0	5	20.0	25	4.9
Widowed	8	4.9	101	62.4	53	32.7	162	31.7
Caregiver
Spouse/children	61	13.6	298	66.5	89	19.9	448	87.5	0.04 a
Grandchildren	2	5.3	21	55.3	15	39.5	38	7.4
Others	2	7.7	17	65.4	7	26.9	26	5.1
Smoking status
Never	57	12.3	300	64.8	106	22.9	463	90.4	0.05 a
Former smoker	1	4.6	18	81.8	3	13.6	22	4.3
Current smoker	7	25.9	18	66.7	2	7.4	27	5.3
Alcohol use
Never	54	13.3	262	64.5	90	22.2	406	79.3	0.38 a
Former alcohol user	3	21.4	7	50.0	4	28.6	14	2.7
Current alcohol user	8	8.7	67	72.8	17	18.5	92	18.0
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age	67.4	4.9	72.6	7.7	76.7	9.2	72.8	8.2	<0.01 b

^a Chi-squared test; ^b Kruskal–Wallis test.