Table 2.
Characteristics | Non-Frailty | Pre-Frailty | Frailty | Total | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Comorbidities | |||||||||
Stroke | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 2.1 | 3 | 2.7 | 10 | 2.0 | 0.44 a |
Transient ischemic attack | 2 | 3.1 | 22 | 6.6 | 3 | 2.7 | 27 | 5.3 | 0.20 a |
Diabetes mellitus | 1 | 1.5 | 11 | 3.3 | 12 | 10.8 | 24 | 4.7 | <0.01 a |
Chronic lung disease | 1 | 1.5 | 23 | 6.9 | 9 | 8.1 | 33 | 6.5 | 0.20 a |
Parkinson’s | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.59 a |
Arthritis | 22 | 33.9 | 85 | 25.3 | 37 | 33.3 | 144 | 28.1 | 0.14 a |
Hypertension | 13 | 20.0 | 104 | 31.0 | 49 | 44.1 | 166 | 32.4 | <0.01 a |
Number of comorbidities | |||||||||
0 | 32 | 49.2 | 156 | 46.4 | 33 | 29.7 | 221 | 43.2 | <0.01 a |
1 | 28 | 43.1 | 115 | 34.2 | 51 | 46.0 | 194 | 37.9 | |
≥2 | 5 | 7.7 | 65 | 19.4 | 27 | 24.3 | 97 | 19.0 | |
History of fall in the last 12 months | 12 | 18.5 | 63 | 18.8 | 34 | 30.6 | 109 | 21.3 | 0.03 a |
Cognitive impairment (Mini cog) | 26 | 40.0 | 225 | 67.0 | 89 | 80.2 | 340 | 66.4 | <0.01 a |
Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) | 3 | 4.6 | 45 | 13.4 | 24 | 21.6 | 72 | 14.1 | <0.01 a |
Using inpatient service in the last 12 months | 7 | 10.8 | 53 | 15.8 | 18 | 16.2 | 78 | 15.2 | 0.56 a |
Using outpatient service in the last 12 months | 30 | 46.2 | 166 | 49.4 | 57 | 51.4 | 253 | 49.4 | 0.80 a |
Regular health examination in the last 12 months | 44 | 67.7 | 240 | 71.4 | 83 | 74.8 | 367 | 71.7 | 0.59 a |
a Chi-squared test; percentages are relative to the total number of people for a particular group.