Table A1.
Characteristics and categories of applied measurement methods of included studies. Abbreviations: SRM = self-reported measures, PER = performance measures, PHY = physiological measures.
| Applied Measurement Methods | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Year | Country | Site | Work/Task | Sample Size | Days | Time-on-Task | Object | Hypothesis | Theory/Model | SRM | PER | PHY |
| Arrabito et al. [53] | 2011 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 98 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Arrabito et al. [54] | 2015 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 150 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Balci and Aghazadeh [55,56,57] | 2000 (2003, 2004) | USA | Lab | Mental | 10 | 1 | 120 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Beynon and Reilly [58] | 2001 | UK | Lab | Physical | 10 | 2 | 240 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Beynon et al. [59] | 2000 | UK | Lab | Physical | 8 | 2 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Boucsein and Thum [5,60] | 1995 (1997) | Germany | Field | Mental | 11 | 2 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Brown et al. [51] | 2014 | UK | Field | Mental | 73 | 56 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Byström et al. [61] | 1991 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 8 | 1 | 3 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Chaikumarn et al. [62] | 2018 | Thailand | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Chakrabarty et al. [63] | 2016 | India | Field | Physical | 400 | 120 | 360 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
| Chavaillaz et al. [64] | 2019 | Switzerland | Lab | Mental | 72 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Christensen et al. [65] | 2000 | Denmark | Field | Physical | 48 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
| Coburn et al. [66] | 2006 | Germany | Field | Physical | 30 | 2 | 450 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Constable et al. [67] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Physical | 8 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | ||
| Cordoza et al. [68] | 2018 | USA | Field | Physical | 29 | 84 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
| Crenshaw et al. [69] | 2006 | Sweden | Lab | Mental | 15 | 2 | 60 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Dababneh et al. [70] | 2001 | USA | Field | Physical | 30 | 36 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Davis and Kotowski [71] | 2014 | USA | Field | Mental | 37 | 40 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Davy and Göbel [25] | 2013 | Germany | Lab | Physical | 24 | 3 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| de Looze et al. [72] | 2010 | The Netherlands | Field | Physical | 14 | 3 | 440 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Dorion and Darveau [73] | 2013 | Canada | Field | Physical | 16 | 3 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Engelmann et al. [74] | 2011 | Germany | Field | Physical | 7 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Faucett et al. [75] | 2007 | USA | Field | Physical | 66/32 | 2/6 | 480 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Frey et al. [76] | 2002 | Austria | Field | Physical | 11 | 2 | full 24h shift | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Galinsky et al. [77] | 2000 | USA | Field | Physical | 42 | 60 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Galinsky et al. [78] | 2007 | USA | Field | Mental | 51 | 56 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Garcia et al. [79] | 2018 | Switzerland | Lab | Physical | 30 | 2 | 300 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Genaidy and al-Rayes [80] | 1993 | USA | Lab | Physical | 5/8 | 2 | 240 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Genaidy et al. [81] | 1995 | USA | Field | Physical | 28 | 28 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
| Hayashi et al. [82] | 2004 | Japan | Field | Mental | 10 | 2 | 120 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Helander and Quance [83] | 1990 | USA | Lab | Mental | 7 | 4 | 200 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
| Henning et al. [84] | 1989 | USA | Lab | Mental | 20 | 2 | 120 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Henning et al. [85] | 1993 | USA | Lab | Mental | 38 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Henning et al. [86] | 1994a | USA | Lab | Mental | 31 | 1 | 65 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Henning et al. [87] | 1994b | USA | Lab | Mental | 38 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Henning et al. [88] | 1995 | USA | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 55 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Henning et al. [89] | 1996 | USA | Lab | Mental | 31/30 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Henning et al. [26] | 1997a | USA | Field | Mental | 73/19 | 28/42 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Henning et al. [90] | 1997b | USA | Lab | Mental | 60 | 1 | 46 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Hirose and Nagasaka [91] | 2003 | Japan | Lab | Mental | 8 | 1 | 100 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Hofer-Tinguely et al. [92] | 2005 | Switzerland | Lab | Physical | 50 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Howard et al. [93] | 2010 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 8 | 3 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Irmak et al. [94] | 2012 | Turkey | Field | Mental | 39 | 70 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
| Januario et al. [95] | 2018 | Brazil | Lab | Physical | 18 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Kakarot et al. [96] | 2012 | Germany | Lab | Physical | 29 | 2 | 420 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Karwowski et al. [97] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Mental | 12 | 12 | 240 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Kennedy and Ball [98] | 2007 | Australia | Field | Mental | 75 | 28 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | ||
| Kietrys et al. [99] | 2007 | USA | Field | Mental | 72 | 28 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
| Kopardekar and Mital [100] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Mental | 8 | 1 | 120 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Krajewski et al. [101] | 2011 | Germany | Field | Mental | 14 | 168 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
| Lacaze et al. [102] | 2010 | Brazil | Field | Mental | 64 | 40 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
| Larsen et al. [103] | 2009 | Denmark | Field | Mental | 18 | 1 | 30 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Lim and Kwok [104] | 2016 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 71 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Lim et al. [105] | 2013 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 31 | 2 | 65 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Lim et al. [106] | 2016 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 27 | 2 | 1 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Mailey et al. [107] | 2016 | USA | Field | Mental | 49 | 56 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Mathiassen & Winkel [108] | 1996 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 8 | 7 | 240–360 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Mathiassen et al. [109] | 2014 | Sweden | Lab | Mental | 18 | 3 | 42 min | Regimen | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| McLean et al. [110] | 2001 | Canada | Field | Mental | 15 | 30 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Miller and Fathallah [111] | 2006 | USA | Field | Physical | 14 | 1 | 55 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
| Mitra et al. [112] | 2008 | Australia | Field | Physical | 233 | 28 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Mohamed and Radwan [113] | 2017 | Saudi Arabia | Lab | Mental | 45 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
| Nakphet et al. [114] | 2014 | Thailand | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Neri et al. [115] | 2002 | USA | Lab | Mental | 28 | 1 | 360 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| O’Donnell et al. [116] | 2015 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 60 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Oriyama et al. [117] | 2014 | Japan | Field | Physical | 15 | 1 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Rahman et al. [118] | 2018 | Malaysia | Field | Physical | 15 | 1 | 160 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
| Reyner & Horne [119] | 1997 | UK | Lab | Mental | 12 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Ross et al. [120] | 2014 | New Zealand | Lab | Mental | 40 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Rupp et al. [121] | 2017 | USA | Lab | Mental | 65 | 1 | 15 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Samani et al. [122] | 2009a | Denmark | Lab | Mental | 12 | 2 | 12 + 4 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Samani et al. [123] | 2009b | Denmark | Lab | Mental | 12 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Schnieder et al. [124] | 2013 | Germany | Field | Mental | 14 | 180 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Scholz et al. [50] | 2018 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 12 | 4 | 120 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Sheahan et al. [125] | 2016 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 20 | 4 | 60–70 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Sianoja et al. [15] | 2017 | Finland | Field | Mental | 97 | 10 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
| Sommer et al. [126] | 2013 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 32 | 2 | 0 | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Steinborn and Hystegge [127] | 2016 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 68 | 1 | 50 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| St-Onge et al. [128] | 2017 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 27 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Sun et al. [49] | 2017 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 20 | 2 | 22 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Sundelin [129] | 1993 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 12 | 1 | 120 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Sundelin and Hagberg [130] | 1989 | Sweden | Field | Mental | 12 | 1 | 90 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Takahashi et al. [131] | 1998 | Japan | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Takahashi et al. [132] | 2004 | Japan | Field | Physical | 8 | 21 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Taylor et al. [133] | 2013 | USA | Field | Mental | 35 | 180/365 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
| Taylor et al. [47] | 2016 | USA | Field | Mental | 175 | 180 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
| Tiwari and Gite [134] | 2006 | India | Field | Physical | 5 | 4 | 360 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Torrente et al. [135] | 2017 | Finland | Field | Mental | 153 | 30 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
| van den Heuvel et al. [136] | 2003 | The Netherlands | Field | Mental | 268 | 60 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
| van Dieen and Oude Vrielink [137] | 1998 | The Netherlands | Field | Physical | 12 | 3 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Wang and Pei [138] | 2014 | China | Field | Mental | 33 | 1 | 120–240 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
| Watling et al. [48] | 2014 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 20 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Wollseiffen et al. [139] | 2015 | Germany | Field | Mental | 50 | 1 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |