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AMPK stimulates autophagy by phosphorylation of ULK1 at the Ser377 and Ser777. mTOR signaling pathway inhibits autophagy by phosphorylation of ULK1 at the Ser757. AMPK indirectly activates autophagy by suppressing mTORC1 via its phosphorylation at Ser722 and Ser792. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; mTORC1, mTOR complex 1.
