Figure 4.

P. freudenreichii compatible solutes is modulated by adaptations. P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 were cultivated in YEL (YEL + 0 g Glucose + 42 °C, 0 h), in YEL medium containing 15 g·L⁻¹ of glucose and heat-adapted at 42 °C over 1 h (YEL + 15 g Glucose + 42 °C, 1 h) or YEL medium containing 30 g·L⁻¹ of glucose and heat-adapted at 42 °C over2 h (YEL + 30 g Glucose + 42 °C, 2 h) until the beginning of the stationary phase. Cytoplasmic extract was made as described in materials and methods. The signals used for the identification (A,B, C-NMR) and for the quantification (C,D, H-NMR) of the solutes are shown by colored asterisks. The spectra shown correspond to glycine betaine (yellow), trehalose (purple), glutamate (green), proline (red) and cytoplasmic hydroalcoholic extract (blue). The examples shown corresponds to the control growth conditions (YEL culture, A,C) and to adapted conditions (YEL + 30 g Glucose + 42 °C, 2 h, B,D). Spectra corresponding to all conditions are illustrated in the Supplemental Figure. Compatible solutes accumulation is expressed in relative units (E).