Table 1.
Summary of ANOVA regarding the effect of silicon priming on growth, photosynthetic pigments, and oxidative defense in two maize cultivars under drought stress conditions.
| Source of Variance | df | Shoot Length | Root Length | Shoot Fresh Weight | Shoot Dry Weight | Root Fresh Weight | Root Dry Weight |
| Varieties (V) | 1 | 41.38*** | 104.04*** | 1.24*** | 0.07*** | 0.31*** | 0.21*** |
| Drought stress (S) | 1 | 66.69*** | 32.49*** | 1.68*** | 0.01*** | 0.42*** | 0.32*** |
| Treatments (T) | 2 | 121.77** | 160.70*** | 1.54*** | 0.11*** | 0.57*** | 0.27*** |
| V × S | 1 | 0.40 ns | 4.84 ns | 0.06 ns | 8.03 ns | 1.11 ns | 0.06 ns |
| V × T | 2 | 0.21 ns | 2.79 ns | 0.05 ns | 3.08 ns | 0.01 ns | 0.06 ns |
| S × T | 2 | 14.22** | 9.37** | 0.09 ns | 0.01 ns | 0.02 ns | 0.09 ns |
| V × S × T | 2 | 0.53 ns | 0.09 ns | 0.01 ns | 4.52 ns | 0.01 ns | 0.01 ns |
| Error | 24 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Source of Variance | df | Chl. a | Chl. b | Carotenoids | Free Proline | Glycine Betaine | Soluble Sugars |
| Varieties (V) | 1 | 0.34*** | 1.02*** | 1.52*** | 18.66*** | 20.14** | 10,748.97 ** |
| Drought stress (S) | 1 | 0.96*** | 2.57*** | 6.93*** | 16.22*** | 29.51*** | 75,283.69 *** |
| Treatments (T) | 2 | 0.95*** | 1.08*** | 7.13*** | 45.85*** | 46.30*** | 59,637.53 *** |
| V × S | 1 | 0.01 ns | 0.08* | 1.61 ns | 0.03 ns | 0.26 ns | 3909.85 ns |
| V × T | 1 | 0.02 ns | 2.53 ns | 3.53 ns | 0.71 ns | 0.55 ns | 310.50 ns |
| S × T | 2 | 0.05*** | 0.09** | 1.08*** | 12.80*** | 5.25* | 5936.15 ** |
| V × S × T | 2 | 0.02 ns | 0.03 ns | 5.83 ns | 0.11 ns | 1.16 ns | 232.79 ns |
| Error | 24 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Source of Variance | df | Total Phenolics | MDA | H2O2 | SOD | POD | CAT |
| Varieties (V) | 1 | 2747.44** | 29.30** | 9.82 | 116.31*** | 63.55* | 145.53*** |
| Drought stress (S) | 1 | 6547.60*** | 3.46 ns | 40.79*** | 97.12*** | 28.14 ns | 272.29*** |
| Treatments (T) | 2 | 3060.95*** | 117.96*** | 36.42*** | 491.22*** | 444.07*** | 137.97*** |
| V × S | 1 | 23.89 ns | 18.46* | 0.18 ns | 1.01 ns | 28.27 ns | 2.40 ns |
| V × T | 2 | 291.20 ns | 1.13 ns | 0.31 ns | 0.65 ns | 9.77 ns | 2.40 ns |
| S × T | 2 | 723.26 ns | 38.84*** | 17.47*** | 22.13 * | 24.14 ns | 4.95 ns |
| V × S × T | 2 | 39.64 ns | 1.77 ns | 0.32 ns | 3.86 ns | 11.22 ns | 0.39 ns |
| Error | 24 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
*, **, *** = significant at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 levels, respectively. df = degrees of freedom; Ns = non-significant; Chl. a = chlorophyll a, Chl. b = chlorophyll b; H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide; MDA = malondialdehyde; SOD = superoxide dismutase; POD = peroxidase; CAT = catalase.