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. 2019 Oct 11;16(20):3835. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16203835

Table A2.

Open Codes Grouped into Axial Codes.

Axial Codes Open Codes
Good Water The river flows, therefore the water is clean

The borehole is clean because it is treated

The river protects people

Rainwater is soft, lathers well, and/or tastes good

The river is perceived as cleaner in the dry season

Nothing bad happens when one drinks from the river
Bad Water The borehole has long wait times when other boreholes break, during the dry season, or on days people cannot use the river

River water becomes polluted after mining

Rainwater sometimes grows worms

The borehole takes a long time to repair when it is broken

Well water is unreliable; it often dries up before the rainy season is over

The borehole water is “hot”; river water is cooler and/or tastes better

River water is not seen as hygienic (anyone can put their foot in the water or spit in the water)

The borehole is hard to pump, takes a lot of energy, and may wet the individual pumping
Methods People usually collect at the water source closest to them

Children often share burden of fetching water, especially before and after school

Water sources are fairly close to people’s homes

People let dirt settle before using the water

Boreholes are typically located close together

Boiling water is only common when preparing for children

People treated the boreholes when they were built or regularly treat the boreholes

Women use several methods to keep river water clean (sweep dirt away from the river, women do not bathe, etc.)

Rainwater is sometimes treated with camphor to keep out worms

River water is “burned” to create a smoky flavor in the water for taste

Women use different sized buckets for different tasks
Outcome 1 Women buy sachet water for drinking

Women complain the borehole tastes salty
Customs around Water/Spirituality Around Water People do not go to the river on certain days

River God/Spirit/Goddess

Women will sweep and scrub the borehole when it gets dirty
Use Women use different types of water sources (e.g., borehole, covered, well, uncovered well, river, rainwater)
Health Added after interviews anytime someone mentioned disease

1 “Outcome” refers to how the water is perceived by participants after collection.