Table 6.
Influencing factors of health outcomes in mixed-effect models.
| N = 310 | ADLs | IADLs | EQ-5D Utility | EQ-VAS | GDS-15 | MMSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated mean difference (Std. Error) | ||||||
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Gender | 4.32 (3.31) | −0.06 (0.16) | 0.01 (0.02) | −4.34 (2.27) | 0.11 (0.41) | −1.64 (0.83) |
| Age | 0.30 (0.22) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.13 (0.15) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.05) |
| Time (ref. “T0”) | 4.93 (1.12) *** | 0.23 (0.07) ** | 0.02 (0.01) | 8.61 (1.57) *** | −0.59 (0.19) ** | 0.17 (0.33) |
| Being unable to move around without a wheelchair (ref. “no”) | −17.81 (3.32) *** | −0.84 (0.17) *** | −0.09 (0.02) *** | −5.53 (2.25) * | 0.75 (0.41) | 0.25 (0.80) |
| Cognitive function (ref. “Severe”) | ||||||
| Mild cognitive impairment | 4.56 (2.09) * | 0.37 (0.12) ** | 0.02 (0.02) | 1.32 (2.08) | 0.18 (0.31) | |
| Normal | 8.02 (3.27) * | 1.99 (0.19) *** | 0.07 (0.03) * | 5.87 (3.16) | −0.27 (0.50) | |
| Diseases (ref. “others”) | ||||||
| Stroke | −2.72 (4.83) | −0.10 (0.23) | 0.01 (0.03) | −1.27 (3.28) | 0.85 (0.58) | −1.45 (1.23) |
| Neurological condition excluding stroke | −2.80 (4.25) | −0.22 (0.20) | 0.02 (0.03) | 3.79 (2.91) | 0.28 (0.51) | −0.52 (1.09) |
| Arthritis | 4.54 (8.25) | 0.06 (0.39) | −0.01 (0.06) | 0.86 (5.53) | 0.73 (0.98) | 1.27 (2.11) |
| Fracture | 0.76 (5.16) | 0.13 (0.25) | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.05 (3.49) | 1.06 (0.62) | −0.77 (1.33) |
| Cardiopulmonary disease | 3.89 (5.27) | −0.15 (0.25) | 0.04 (0.04) | 5.89 (3.62) | 0.36 (0.64) | 1.61 (1.35) |
| Family visit frequency (ref. “Low”) | ||||||
| Moderate | −4.31 (3.80) | 0.04 (0.19) | −0.03 (0.03) | −1.00 (2.78) | −0.28 (0.49) | −0.90 (0.98) |
| High | −4.94 (3.68) | 0.16 (0.18) | −0.05 (0.03) | −2.49 (2.76) | 0.50 (0.48) | −1.14 (0.96) |
| ISSI | 0.37 (0.39) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.00) ** | 0.65 (0.26) * | −0.23 (0.05) *** | 0.00 (0.09) |
| Intervention type: Extra exercises (ref. “Combine into routine”) | 4.77 (4.97) | −0.53 (0.36) | −0.02 (0.02) | −2.67 (2.99) | 0.82 (0.69) | −0.45 (0.88) |
| Random effects | ||||||
| Facilities | 58.26 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 16.16 | 1.35 | 0.01 |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. For abbreviations see Table 2.