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. 2019 Oct 3;8(10):395. doi: 10.3390/plants8100395

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Systemin effect on development and reproduction of Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Tomato plants supplied with 100 pM Sys, or 100 pM Scp or PBS1X in hydroponics were used to feed S. littoralis larvae, on which the following parameters were scored: duration of pupal development (A), adult survival rate (B) and number of laid eggs (C). Letters and asterisks denote statistically significant differences (*** p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA). A group of 32 larvae was used for each experimental condition and the experiment was repeated twice.