Table 7.
Studies using zein protein-based matrices/scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications.
| Scaffold Structure | TE Application | Method | Encapsulated/Seeded Cell Type (Source) | Animal Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL/zein/gum arabic (GA) |
Skin | Electrospinning | Fibroblast L929 cell | - | [214] |
| PCL/zein/GA/Calendula officinalis | Skin | Suspension, multilayer and two-nozzle electrospinning | Fibroblast L929 cell | - | [215] |
| Zein/(PSS-modified HAP) nanoparticles | Bone | - | MG-63 cell | - | [216] |
| HAP/zein | Bone | Solvothermal | Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) | - | [217] |
| Zein/chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) | Bone | Freeze-drying | MG-63 cell | - | [218] |
| PCL/zein coated 45S5 bioactive glass | Bone | Foam replication | - | - | [219] |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone)-thermoplastic zein/hydroxyapatite particles | Bone | scCO2 foaming | Osteoblast-like MG63 and hMSCs | - | [220] |
| Zein/calcium phosphate | Bone | Electrospinning/biomimetic mineralization process | Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) | [133] | |
| rhBMP-2-loaded silica/HACC/zein | Bone | Solvent casting/Salt-leaching | hMSCs | - | [221] |
| Zein films | - | Solvent casting | Human liver cells (HL-7702) and mice fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) | - | [222] |
| CdS /zein | - | Electrospinning | MSCs and fibroblasts | - | [223] |
| Zein | Bone | Salt-leaching | MSCs | Rabbit | [224] |
| Zein/oleic acid Zein/citric acid |
Bone | Salt-leaching porogen (Mannitol) | MSCs | Rabbit | [197] |
| PLGA/HAP/zein | Cartilage | Electrospinning | hUC-MSCs | - | [225] |
| Zein | Bone | - | HUVECs and MSCs | Rabbit | [226] |
| Zein polydopamine/bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) peptide conjugated TiO2 |
Bone | Electrospinning | Human fetal osteoblast | - | [227] |
| Zein/45S5 bioactive glass | Bone | Salt leaching | - | - | [228] |
| Zein/PLLA | Bone | Electrospinning | MSCs | - | [229] |
| Zein/gelatin | - | Electrospinning | Human periodontal ligament stem cells | - | [230] |
| Zein/gelatin | - | Force-spinning | Human fibroblasts | - | [231] |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/zein | - | Electrohydrody- namic printing | Mice embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and human non small lung cancer cell (H1299) | - | [232] |
| Zein/silver-doped bioactive glass | Bone | - | MG-63 cells | - | [233] |