Table 1.
Subject characteristics.
| Variables | Overall (672 Subjects) |
Male (223 Subjects) |
Female (449 Subjects) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.8 ± 5.9 | 73.2 ± 6.1 | 72.6 ± 5.8 | 0.21 |
| BMI | 22.5 ± 2.9 | 23.1 ± 2.7 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 0.003 |
| SMI | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Questionnaire for falling | ||||
| Has a history of falling | 151 (22.5) | 38 (17) | 113 (25.2) | 0.02 |
| Has anxiety about falling | 271 (40.3) | 62 (27.8) | 209 (46.5) | <0.001 |
| History of and anxiety about falling | ||||
| Has both history and anxiety | 79 (11.8) | 12 (5.4) | 67 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Has one of either history or anxiety | 264 (39.3) | 76 (34.1) | 188 (41.9) | |
| Motor function | ||||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.84 |
| Knee extensor force (N·m/kg) | 356.7 ± 120.5 | 459.5 ± 118.5 | 306 ± 83.7 | p < 0.001 |
| Standing on one leg (s) | 27.6 ± 24.8 | 29.7 ± 27.1 | 26.5 ± 23.5 | 0.18 |
| Oral assesment | ||||
| Number of teeth | 20 ± 8.9 | 19.6 ± 9.4 | 20.3 ± 8.6 | 0.83 |
| Wearing denture | 318 (47.3) | 111 (49.8) | 207 (46.1) | 0.21 |
| Occlusal force (kgf) | 59 ± 37 | 66 ± 42.6 | 55.6 ± 33.4 | 0.01 |
| Occlusal balance (%) | 23.8 ± 21.2 | 26 ± 22.5 | 22.6 ± 20.5 | 0.06 |
| Mastication performance (score) | 3.9 ± 2.3 | 4 ± 2.4 | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 0.32 |
| Tongue pressure (kPa) | 31.1 ± 8.7 | 31.7 ± 9 | 30.8 ± 8.6 | 0.16 |
| Occlusal support | ||||
| Group A | 292 (43.5) | 93 (41.7) | 199 (44.3) | 0.23 |
| Group B | 268 (39.9) | 85 (38.1) | 183 (40.8) | |
| Group C | 112 (16.7) | 45 (20.2) | 67 (14.9) |
p-Value: Comparison between male and female. Mann-Whitney’s U-test or χ2 test. SMI: Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Fall history: Subjects who responded “Yes” to “Have you fallen during the past year?”. Fall anxiety: Subjects who responded “Yes” to “Do you have a lot of anxiety about falling?”. Occlusal support: Eichner classification.