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. 2019 Oct 12;16(20):3873. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16203873

Table 1.

Various complex exudates released via the plant root and their single constituent.

Complex Exudates Compound Constituents
Organic compounds Succinic acid, l-aspartic acid, Acetic acid, l-glutamic acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, isocitric acid, chorismic acid, shikimic acid, sinapic acid, shikimic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, protocatacheuic acid, p-coumaric acid, tartaric acid, ferulic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, piscidic acid, mugineic acid
Complex carbohydrate Glucose, arabinose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, pentose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose and mannitol
Amino acids Complete 20 protein genic amino acids, l-hydroxyproline, mugineic acid, amino butyric acid, homoserine
Coumarins Umbelliferone
Flavonols Kaempferol, quercitin, naringenin, naringin, rutin, myricetin, strigolactone, genistein and their derivative sugars
Lignins Benzoic acid, nicotinic acid, catechol, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, syringic acid, sinapoyl aldehyde, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, pyroglutamic acid, sinapyl alcohol
Anthocyanins Delphinidin, pelargonidin, cyanidin and their derivatives sugar molecules
Aurones Sinapoyl choline, benzyl aurones synapates
Glucosinolates Desuphoguconapin, desulphoprogoitrin, cyclobrassinone, desulphoglucoalyssin, desulphonapoleiferin
Sterols Sitosterol, stigmasterol, campestrol
Anthocyanins Delphinidin, pelargonidin, cyanidin and their derivative sugar molecules
Fatty acids Oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid
Indole compounds Brassitin, sinalexin, indole-3-acetic acid, methyl indole carboxylate, camalexin glucoside, brassilexin
Proteins and enzymes Lectins, proteases, PR proteins, peroxidases, phosphatases, lipase, hydrolases
Allomones Sorgoleone, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′, jugulone, DIMBOA, 5′-dimethoxyflavone, DIBOA